Which event most notably changed health care?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The creation of the discipline of nursing by Florence Nightingale. This event significantly changed health care by introducing modern nursing practices, emphasizing hygiene, patient care, and evidence-based practice. Nightingale's work during the Crimean War revolutionized healthcare standards and laid the foundation for professional nursing education. Summary: - B: The formation of sisterhoods by nuns who gave care is incorrect because while nuns contributed to healthcare, it was Nightingale's innovations that transformed the field. - C: The establishment of the Sisters of Mercy in Dublin is incorrect as it is a specific organization and not a universal change that impacted healthcare globally. - D: The formation of the Dames de la Charité by Saint Vincent de Paul is incorrect as it was more focused on charity work rather than systematic improvements in healthcare practices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Home care. The Romanow Report highlighted the increasing demand for home care services due to an aging population. Home care allows individuals to receive necessary medical attention and support in the comfort of their own homes, promoting independence and quality of life. This aligns with the trend of shifting towards community-based care to reduce hospitalization and healthcare costs. Choice B: Community problems, and Choice D: Women's issues, are not directly related to the rapid growth of community health care as identified in the Romanow Report. Choice C: Immunization, while important for public health, does not specifically address the focus on home care services in the report.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the main reason for the brief existence of the nurse practitioner-model educational program was the need for nursing expertise and skills in other practice settings. This is supported by the fact that nurse practitioners were being trained to provide advanced nursing care in various settings beyond traditional primary care. A, inadequate assessment and planning in the local area, is incorrect because the main reason was not due to local assessment and planning issues. B, insufficient provincial/territorial funding, is also incorrect as funding was not the primary factor leading to the brief existence of the program. C, the large number of primary care physicians practicing in urban areas, is irrelevant to the creation or cessation of the nurse practitioner-model program.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A baccalaureate degree in nursing. Public health nursing requires a comprehensive understanding of population health, epidemiology, policy development, and community assessment. A baccalaureate degree provides the necessary knowledge and skills to address complex public health challenges effectively. While choices A and B focus on general nursing skills, they do not provide the specialized public health knowledge required. Choice D, a master's degree, may be beneficial for advanced roles but is not the minimum educational preparation needed for public health nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is the correct answer: 1. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease before it occurs. 2. Teaching handwashing to children is a primary prevention activity as it reduces the spread of communicable diseases by preventing transmission through proper hygiene practices. 3. Observing their techniques ensures the correct application of handwashing, further decreasing the incidence of communicable diseases. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: A: Identifying and treating clients with STIs is secondary prevention, focusing on early detection and treatment, not prevention. C: Providing case management services is tertiary prevention, which involves managing the impact of the disease on individuals, not preventing its occurrence. D: Providing DOT to clients with active tuberculosis is a form of treatment and adherence support, not primary prevention.