ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: amylase. Amylase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars like glucose. It is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas, aiding in the digestion process. Lipase (choice A) digests fats, pepsin (choice B) digests proteins, and trypsin (choice D) also digests proteins in the small intestine. However, amylase is the only enzyme responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in a PACU is assessing a client who has a newly created colostomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Purplish-colored stoma. A purplish-colored stoma may indicate inadequate blood supply to the area, which is a sign of ischemia and can lead to tissue necrosis. This is a critical finding that requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications. A: Stoma oozing red drainage is a common finding in the immediate postoperative period and is not typically concerning unless it is excessive or accompanied by other symptoms. B: A shiny, moist stoma is a healthy stoma appearance, indicating good blood supply and hydration. D: A rosebud-like stoma orifice is a normal finding and not typically concerning unless there are signs of infection or other complications.
Question 3 of 5
While palpating a female client's right upper quadrant (RUQ), the nurse would expect to find which of the following structures?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Liver. Palpating the RUQ, the nurse would expect to feel the liver due to its location in that area. The liver is the largest solid organ in the body and is situated in the RUQ, beneath the diaphragm. It is a vital organ responsible for multiple functions, including metabolism, storage, and detoxification. The other choices (A: Sigmoid colon, B: Appendix, C: Spleen) are located in different areas of the abdomen and would not typically be palpable in the RUQ. The sigmoid colon is located in the lower left quadrant, the appendix is in the lower right quadrant, and the spleen is in the left upper quadrant. Therefore, the liver is the most likely structure to be palpated in the RUQ.
Question 4 of 5
Contractions of the smooth muscles in the tunica muscularis in the GI tract causes ______ and is stimulated by ______ plexus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because contractions of smooth muscles in the GI tract lead to peristalsis, the movement that propels food through the digestive system. These contractions are stimulated by the Auerbach's or myenteric plexus, which are responsible for coordinating muscle movements in the gut. Choice A is incorrect as local secretions do not directly cause muscle contractions. Choice C is incorrect because peristalsis is the result of muscle contractions, not local secretions. Choice D is incorrect as local secretions are not the primary stimulus for muscle contractions in the GI tract.
Question 5 of 5
Which one of the following is not located in the oral cavity or oropharynx?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: pharyngeal tonsils. Pharyngeal tonsils, also known as adenoids, are located in the nasopharynx, not in the oral cavity or oropharynx. Frenulums (A), lingual tonsils (B), and palatine tonsils (C) are all structures found within the oral cavity or oropharynx. Frenulums are small folds of tissue that connect the lips and tongue to the oral cavity. Lingual tonsils are located at the base of the tongue, and palatine tonsils are located on the sides of the throat. Therefore, the pharyngeal tonsils are the only option that is not located in the oral cavity or oropharynx.