Which enzyme catalyzes the following reaction? Gap 5' - G G-A-T-C-C—3' ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 3' - C-C-T-A-G G—5' Gap 5' - G-G-A-T-C-C—3' ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 3' - C-C-T-A-G-G—5'

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: DNA ligase. DNA ligase catalyzes the joining of two DNA strands by forming a phosphodiester bond between the 3' hydroxyl of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of another. In the given reaction, the enzyme is needed to seal the nick in the DNA strands after the Okazaki fragments have been synthesized during DNA replication. Explanation of other choices: B: DNA endonuclease - Endonucleases cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain, not join two DNA strands. C: None of the options are correct - This is incorrect as DNA ligase is the correct enzyme for this reaction. D: DNA polymerase 1 - DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing chain, not joining two DNA strands.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In assessing a client with an autoimmune disorder, the nurse should look for localized inflammation (Option B) as a key sign. Autoimmune disorders are characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation in specific areas. Localized inflammation can manifest as joint pain, skin redness, or swelling in affected regions. Option A, hypotension, is less likely to be directly associated with autoimmune disorders. Hypotension is more commonly linked to conditions like dehydration, shock, or heart problems. Option C, hives or rashes, while they can be present in some autoimmune conditions like lupus, are not as specific to all autoimmune disorders. Option D, cramping and vomiting, are more indicative of gastrointestinal issues or food poisoning rather than autoimmune disorders. Educationally, understanding the specific signs and symptoms of autoimmune disorders is crucial for nurses to provide effective care. Recognizing the unique clinical manifestations of autoimmune diseases helps in early detection, management, and ensuring appropriate interventions are implemented promptly to improve patient outcomes. Regular education and training on autoimmune disorders and their varied presentations are essential for healthcare professionals to deliver quality care to individuals with these conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a client with AIDS, a CD4 cell count above 500 mm³ would indicate that antiretroviral therapy is being effective. This is because a CD4 cell count is a crucial indicator of immune function in individuals living with HIV/AIDS. CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in coordinating the immune response. In HIV/AIDS, the virus specifically targets and destroys CD4 cells, leading to a weakened immune system. When a person is on effective antiretroviral therapy, the medication helps to suppress the replication of the virus, allowing the CD4 cell count to increase. A CD4 count above 500 mm³ generally signifies a healthier immune system and a reduced risk of opportunistic infections in individuals with HIV/AIDS. Looking at the options, we can see why the other choices are incorrect: - A) 250 mm³ is too low and would indicate a compromised immune system. - B) 1000 mm³ is within the normal range but may not specifically indicate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. - D) 275 mm³ is also too low and would not be considered a positive response to treatment. Understanding CD4 cell counts and their significance in the context of HIV/AIDS is vital for healthcare professionals involved in the care of individuals with this condition. Monitoring CD4 counts helps in assessing the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment interventions, such as antiretroviral therapy. It is essential for healthcare providers to interpret these results accurately to guide clinical decision-making and provide optimal care to patients with HIV/AIDS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The occupational health nurse is trained to handle situations involving potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens. They can appropriately discuss the need for HIV testing with the patient and ensure that the process is handled confidentially and professionally. The nurse manager and the injured nurse should not directly approach the patient about this sensitive issue.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Methotrexate is teratogenic and should not be used during pregnancy. If the patient is trying to get pregnant this is a critical consideration that must be discussed with the physician before starting the medication. The other information while important does not have the same immediate implications for treatment.