ATI RN
Health Care Delivery in the United States Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which environmental condition is a consequence of the redlining of neighborhoods that has negatively affected health outcomes of BIPOC individuals?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Less green space. Redlining historically segregated neighborhoods, leading to disparities in access to resources. Less green space in redlined areas means limited opportunities for physical activity, increased exposure to pollutants, and higher stress levels, all of which contribute to negative health outcomes for BIPOC individuals. A: Decreased urban heat - While redlined neighborhoods may have less vegetation contributing to urban heat island effect, this is not a direct consequence of redlining affecting health outcomes of BIPOC individuals. C: Improved air quality - Redlined areas often experience poorer air quality due to industrial facilities and traffic congestion, which negatively impact health outcomes. Therefore, improved air quality is not a consequence of redlining. D: Increased access to clean water - Redlining does not directly impact access to clean water. This choice is unrelated to the consequences of redlining on health outcomes of BIPOC individuals.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for four clients in the medical-surgical inpatient unit. One is a Black woman who has been admitted with pancreatitis, another is a White man who has been admitted with acute low back pain, the third is a Black man with pneumonia, and the fourth is a White woman who has been admitted with cholecystitis. The nurse medicates the Black woman with one oral Percocet tab for 8/10 pain, medicates the White man with two oxycodone tabs for 7/10 pain, does not medicate the Black man as he does not have current pain, and medicates the White woman with 2 mg of IV morphine for 8/10 pain. What is this an example of?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Implicit bias. Implicit bias refers to unconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affect our actions and decisions. In this scenario, the nurse's decision to medicate the Black woman with less potent pain medication compared to the White man with more potent pain medication could be influenced by implicit bias. The nurse may have assumed the Black woman needs less pain relief or may have unconsciously prioritized the White man's pain over hers. This highlights how biases can impact healthcare decisions. Summary: A: Explicit racism is not demonstrated in the scenario as there is no overt discrimination based on race. C: Professional standard of care could be argued, but the unequal treatment based on race suggests bias rather than following professional standards. D: Structural racism involves systemic inequalities, which are not directly evident in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
The community health nurse is working on creating nutrition initiatives for a community with a high incidence of heart disease and diabetes. Which of the following is a driving factor in the persistence of food deserts in areas of the United States?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Structural racism. Structural racism refers to the system in which policies, practices, and norms perpetuate racial inequalities. In the context of food deserts, structural racism leads to unequal access to healthy food options in marginalized communities, contributing to health disparities like heart disease and diabetes. Implicit bias (B) and explicit racism (C) are forms of individual prejudice, which, while harmful, do not fully explain the systemic issue of food deserts. Mass incarceration (D) is related to the criminal justice system and does not directly address the lack of access to nutritious foods in communities affected by structural racism.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following issues are implicated in the current maternal mortality public health crisis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Differences in health insurance coverage and access are key factors in the maternal mortality crisis. Limited access to quality healthcare due to lack of insurance can lead to delayed or inadequate prenatal care, increasing risks for maternal mortality. B: Income level may indirectly impact access to healthcare, but the lack of insurance coverage is a more direct barrier. C: Provider discrimination may contribute to disparities in care but is not as central to the issue of maternal mortality as access to insurance. D: Distrust in the medical system can be a barrier to seeking care but is not as significant as the lack of insurance coverage in the context of maternal mortality.
Question 5 of 5
Which best describes the principal factor behind ongoing legislation on the federal level related to health care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With the rapid growth of technology and increased demands on the private and public health care subsystems, health care costs have become prohibitive. Cost-effectiveness and cost containment have become critical driving forces as health care delivery system changes are made; however, cost-effectiveness often conflicts with the provision of quality care.