Which drugs may be used as antianxiety agents?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the listed drugs can be used as antianxiety agents. Beta-blocking drugs, like propranolol, help with physical symptoms of anxiety. Clonidine, a partial agonist of alpha2 receptors, can also reduce anxiety symptoms. Tricyclic antidepressants, such as imipramine, are sometimes used off-label for anxiety disorders. Therefore, all of the above options are valid choices for antianxiety treatment. The other choices are incorrect because each of them individually may not cover the broad spectrum of antianxiety effects provided by the combination of the drugs listed in option D.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why "A: De-nol" is the correct answer: 1. De-nol contains the active ingredient bismuth subcitrate, which stimulates the protective function of the mucous barrier. 2. Bismuth subcitrate forms a protective layer on the mucous membrane, enhancing its stability against damaging factors. 3. This protective effect helps prevent damage to the mucous membrane from factors like acid, bile salts, and other irritants. 4. Sucralfate also forms a protective barrier but through a different mechanism, making it an incorrect choice. 5. Misoprostol and Omeprazole are not directly involved in stimulating the protective function of the mucous barrier, making them incorrect choices. Summary: De-nol is the correct choice because it directly stimulates the protective function of the mucous barrier and enhances the stability of the mucous membrane against damaging factors. Sucralfate, Misoprostol, and Omeprazole

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abciximab. Abciximab is a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, which prevents platelet aggregation. It works by binding to the receptor and blocking the final common pathway of platelet aggregation. Aspirin (A) inhibits cyclooxygenase, Clopidogrel (B) and Ticlopidine (C) are P2Y12 ADP receptor inhibitors, not glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Abciximab (D) is the only drug among the choices that directly targets the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, None of the above. Nifedipine and Verapamil are calcium channel blockers used for hypertension and angina, not as bronchodilators. Nifedipine can even cause bronchoconstriction as a side effect. Therefore, they are not effective bronchodilators. A and B are incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for the correct answer (C - Enalapril): 1. Enalapril is a prodrug that requires conversion to its active form, enalaprilat, in the liver. 2. Enalaprilat has potent ACE inhibitory effects, making it the active metabolite responsible for the drug's therapeutic action. 3. The conversion process enhances the drug's bioavailability and ensures a consistent pharmacological response. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Labetalol is not converted to an active metabolite after absorption; it exerts its effects directly. B: Clonidine acts directly on alpha-2 adrenergic receptors without requiring conversion to an active form. D: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that does not need metabolic activation for its pharmacological effects.