ATI RN
Central and Peripheral Nervous System Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which drug would most likely be effective in decreasing the patient's spontaneous breathing?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vecuronium. Vecuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that inhibits acetylcholine from binding to nicotinic receptors, leading to muscle paralysis including respiratory muscles, thus decreasing spontaneous breathing. Diazepam (A) is a benzodiazepine that acts on the central nervous system but does not directly affect respiratory muscles. Botulinum toxin (C) blocks acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction but is not suitable for systemic use to decrease spontaneous breathing. Dantrolene (D) is a muscle relaxant that acts on skeletal muscles but does not directly inhibit respiratory muscles.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following muscle relaxants was most likely given to a patient who exhibited transient muscle fasciculations that progressed to generalized paralysis within 1 minute of administration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Succinylcholine. Succinylcholine is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that causes initial muscle fasciculations followed by flaccid paralysis within minutes. This pattern of transient fasciculations progressing to generalized paralysis aligns with the patient's symptoms. Cisatracurium (A) and Vecuronium (D) are non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers that do not typically cause fasciculations. Dantrolene (C) is a skeletal muscle relaxant used to treat malignant hyperthermia and muscle spasticity, but it does not cause the rapid progression of paralysis described in the scenario.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following adverse effects was most likely to occur in the patient receiving local injections of botulinum toxin for benign essential blepharospasm?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Eyelid ptosis. Botulinum toxin injections can weaken the muscles, leading to eyelid ptosis (drooping). This is a common adverse effect seen in patients receiving these injections for benign essential blepharospasm. Other choices are incorrect: A, retinal detachment, is not associated with botulinum toxin injections; B, visual hallucinations, are not a common side effect; C, visual loss, is not a typical adverse effect of botulinum toxin injections for blepharospasm.
Question 4 of 5
This drug is effective in all forms of epilepsy in all age groups.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug effective in various forms of epilepsy across all age groups. It works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing repetitive firing of neurons. Acetazolamide (A) is a diuretic used for certain types of seizures. Ethosuximide (C) is mainly used for absence seizures. Felbamate (D) is reserved for refractory epilepsy cases due to its potential serious side effects. Therefore, Carbamazepine is the best choice for treating epilepsy across different forms and age groups.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Levetiracetam. Levetiracetam is a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug due to its broad spectrum of activity and favorable side effect profile. It is often used as a first-line treatment for various types of seizures. Carbamazepine, valproic acid, and phenobarbital are also antiepileptic drugs, but Levetiracetam is preferred in many cases due to its lower potential for drug interactions and side effects. Therefore, based on the information provided, Levetiracetam is the most likely drug to be prescribed in this scenario.