Which drug is used to reverse the e昀昀ects of an opioid overdose?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Naloxone is the drug used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. It is an opioid antagonist that rapidly binds to opioid receptors in the brain, displacing the opioid molecules. By blocking the receptor sites, naloxone can quickly reverse the effects of opioids, such as respiratory depression, sedation, and potential coma. Naloxone is a critical medication in opioid overdose situations as it can restore normal breathing and save a person's life. It is often available in the form of a nasal spray or injection for emergency use. It is essential for first responders, healthcare professionals, and individuals at risk of opioid overdose to have access to naloxone as part of overdose prevention and harm reduction strategies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Alprazolam is a medication commonly used in treating anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety associated with depression. It belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which act on the central nervous system to produce a calming effect. Alprazolam helps to reduce feelings of anxiety and promote relaxation by enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. It is not used for relief of drowsiness, bronchospasms, or cardiac arrest.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Methylparaben is a preservative commonly found in local anesthetic solutions. Its function is not as an anesthetic, antioxidant, or antiseptic. Instead, methylparaben is added to local anesthetic solutions as a vasoconstrictor. Vasoconstrictors work by causing blood vessels to narrow, which helps to reduce bleeding and increase the duration and effectiveness of the local anesthetic by slowing down the absorption of anesthesia into the bloodstream.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phenolic germicidal agents are commonly used as disinfectants due to their ability to kill microorganisms. Hexachlorophene is one type of phenolic germicidal agent that has been used as a surgical scrub in the past. It has antiseptic properties and can effectively reduce the number of bacteria on the skin, making it suitable for use in sterile environments such as surgical procedures. While phenolic germicidal agents do possess antibacterial properties, they do not typically have topical anesthetic effects like some other types of disinfectants. Additionally, while phenolic agents are used in various dental procedures, they are not specifically used in root canal therapy. The examples provided in the last statement, formocresol, cresantin, and eugenol, are not phenolic germicidal agents but rather dental materials used for different purposes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction to the patient who is taking clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin and is preparing for orthopedic surgery is to continue taking aspirin and stop taking clopidogrel 2 weeks prior to surgery. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that irreversibly inhibits platelet activation and aggregation, which can increase the risk of bleeding during surgery. However, aspirin has a different mechanism of action and does not have as profound an effect on platelet function as clopidogrel. By continuing aspirin and stopping clopidogrel, the patient can still receive some antiplatelet protection while minimizing the bleeding risk associated with clopidogrel. It is important for the nurse to consult with the surgeon to ensure the best course of action for the patient's specific situation.