ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which drug is most likely to be ordered for the client with herpes simplex virus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Herpes simplex virus requires antiviral therapy, and acyclovir inhibits viral DNA replication, reducing symptom duration and severity, making it the standard treatment. Zidovudine targets HIV, not HSV. Nystatin is antifungal, ineffective against viruses. Metronidazole treats bacterial/protozoal infections. Acyclovir's specificity for HSV, backed by clinical guidelines, ensures targeted therapy, making A the most likely drug ordered for effective management.
Question 2 of 5
Cardiac failure:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
A client with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma who is receiving dexamethasone (Decadron) 4mg/IV
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma is a type of brain tumor that can cause neurological symptoms such as changes in cognition and personality. A sudden change in the client no longer recognizing a family member could indicate a worsening of the tumor or potential complications from the treatment with dexamethasone. This change in cognition should raise immediate concern for the nurse as it may signal a decline in the client's neurological status requiring prompt assessment and intervention. The other options are also important to monitor, but the change in cognition is the most concerning as it suggests a more immediate and potentially serious issue.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with a history of HF presents to the emergency department with difficulty breathing, cough, and edema of the lower extremities. The nurse anticipates administration of which type of medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A patient with a history of heart failure (HF) presenting with difficulty breathing, cough, and lower extremity edema is likely experiencing decompensated HF, which is characterized by a decrease in cardiac output and inadequate tissue perfusion. Positive inotropes are medications that increase cardiac contractility, helping to improve the heart's pumping ability. By administering a positive inotrope, such as dobutamine or milrinone, the nurse can help enhance the heart's contractility, increase cardiac output, and improve overall tissue perfusion in the patient with decompensated HF. This can help alleviate symptoms such as difficulty breathing and edema in the lower extremities.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has been diagnosed with angina and will be given a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. When teaching the patient how to use sublingual nitroglycerin, the nurse will include which instruction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When teaching a patient how to use sublingual nitroglycerin, it is essential to include the instruction that if the chest pain is not relieved after one tablet, they should call 911 immediately. This is because persistent chest pain could indicate a serious cardiac event, such as a heart attack, that requires immediate medical attention. It is not advisable to take multiple doses without consulting a healthcare provider, as this can lead to complications. The patient should seek emergency medical help if their symptoms are not relieved after taking one tablet of sublingual nitroglycerin.