ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which drug is most likely to be ordered for the client with herpes simplex virus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Herpes simplex virus requires antiviral therapy, and acyclovir inhibits viral DNA replication, reducing symptom duration and severity, making it the standard treatment. Zidovudine targets HIV, not HSV. Nystatin is antifungal, ineffective against viruses. Metronidazole treats bacterial/protozoal infections. Acyclovir's specificity for HSV, backed by clinical guidelines, ensures targeted therapy, making A the most likely drug ordered for effective management.
Question 2 of 5
Amoxicillin is prescribed for a patient who has a respiratory infection. The nurse is teaching the patient about this medication and realizes that more teaching is needed when the patient makes which statement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that is generally well-absorbed with or without food, but taking it with food can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea. The statement 'This medication should not be taken with food' indicates a misunderstanding, as food does not significantly impair its absorption. The other statements are correct: completing the prescription prevents antibiotic resistance, reporting genital itching is important for identifying potential yeast infections, and excess bleeding could indicate a rare but serious side effect like thrombocytopenia.
Question 3 of 5
Local anaesthetic agents:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine) block sodium channels, not potassium, halting depolarization, so that's false. They prevent depolarization, not repolarization, making that false. Vasoconstrictors (e.g., epinephrine) prolong action, not vasodilators, which shorten it, so that's incorrect. High extracellular potassium enhances activity by depolarizing membranes closer to threshold, a true statement. High calcium reduces efficacy by stabilizing membranes. The potassium effect is a subtle but real modulator of anesthetic potency, relevant in tissue conditions.
Question 4 of 5
During a blood transfusion, the patient begins to have chills and back pain. What is the nurse™s priority action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse's priority action would be to discontinue the infusion immediately and notify the prescriber. The patient developing chills and back pain during a blood transfusion may be signs of a transfusion reaction, possibly indicating an incompatibility or adverse reaction to the blood product. It is crucial to stop the transfusion to prevent further complications and to notify the prescriber immediately so that appropriate interventions can be initiated promptly. Observing for other symptoms and slowing the infusion rate are secondary actions compared to discontinuing the infusion and informing the prescriber in this situation. Telling the patient that these symptoms are a normal reaction to the blood product is incorrect as the symptoms could indicate a serious issue that needs to be addressed promptly.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has been on TPN for 1 month, and there is an order to discontinue TPN tomorrow. The nurse contacts the health care provider because sudden interruption of TPN therapy may cause which condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sudden discontinuation of TPN can cause hypoglycemia due to the abrupt cessation of dextrose infusion. The nurse should gradually taper TPN or provide a dextrose solution to prevent this. Dehydration (A), tremors (B), and urinary retention (C) are not typical complications of TPN discontinuation.