Which drug is associated with increased lipoprotein levels?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of client-centered care principles, it is vital for healthcare professionals to have a deep understanding of the pharmacological effects of different drugs to ensure safe and effective patient care. In this case, the correct answer is B) Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide), as it is associated with increased lipoprotein levels, particularly LDL cholesterol, as a side effect. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic commonly prescribed to manage hypertension and edema. One of its known side effects is altering lipid levels in the body, leading to an increase in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. This effect can be detrimental to patients, especially those with existing cardiovascular risk factors. Option A, Furosemide (Lasix), is a loop diuretic that is not typically associated with significant changes in lipoprotein levels. While it may cause electrolyte imbalances, it is not a primary concern for lipid management. Option C, Spironolactone (Aldactone), is a potassium-sparing diuretic that is more commonly known for its potential to increase potassium levels. It is not directly linked to alterations in lipoprotein levels. Option D, Triamterene (Dyrenium), is another potassium-sparing diuretic that does not have a significant impact on lipoprotein levels. Its primary concern is hyperkalemia rather than lipid abnormalities. Understanding the potential side effects of different medications is crucial in providing patient-centered care. Healthcare providers must consider these effects when selecting appropriate treatments for individual patients, taking into account their unique medical history and risk factors. By knowing the specific effects of each drug, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions to optimize patient outcomes and minimize adverse effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) continue to nurse with both breasts. This is the most appropriate course of action for a nursing mother with postpartum mastitis for several reasons. Firstly, continuing to nurse helps to fully empty the affected breast, which aids in resolving the mastitis by relieving the milk backlog that may be contributing to the infection. Additionally, breastfeeding helps maintain milk supply and prevents engorgement, which can worsen the condition. Option B) pump the unaffected breast with a lactation pump is not the best choice because it does not fully drain the affected breast and may lead to further engorgement and exacerbation of the mastitis. Option C) take cool showers may provide some comfort for the mother but does not address the underlying issue of milk stasis and infection within the breast. Option D) temporarily switch to formula is not recommended as breastfeeding should be continued if possible to maintain milk supply and provide optimal nutrition for the baby. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare providers, especially nurse practitioners, to have a thorough understanding of client-centered care principles when managing postpartum mastitis. By encouraging and supporting the nursing mother to continue breastfeeding with both breasts while also following the prescribed antibiotic regimen, the nurse practitioner is promoting an approach that is evidence-based, safe, and supports the overall well-being of both the mother and the infant. This approach aligns with the principles of client-centered care by considering the individual needs and preferences of the mother while also promoting best practices for managing mastitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Complete blood count (CBC). When an older adult patient is prescribed zidovudine (Retrovir) for HIV infection, it is crucial to monitor for potential side effects, such as bone marrow suppression. A CBC is essential for assessing the patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Specifically, it helps to detect anemia or neutropenia, which are common side effects of zidovudine therapy. Option B) Hemoglobin A1C is a test used to monitor long-term blood sugar control in patients with diabetes. It is not directly related to assessing the side effects of zidovudine. Option C) Immunodeficiency panel is a test that evaluates the function of the immune system, not specifically related to monitoring the side effects of zidovudine. Option D) Serum glucose is a test used to measure the amount of glucose in the blood and is mainly utilized in diagnosing and monitoring diabetes. It is not the most appropriate test for assessing the side effects of zidovudine. Educational Context: Understanding the importance of monitoring medication side effects through appropriate diagnostic tests is crucial in providing client-centered care. In the case of zidovudine therapy for HIV patients, regular monitoring with a CBC helps healthcare providers detect and manage potential adverse effects promptly. This educational rationale highlights the significance of tailored diagnostic assessments in promoting the well-being of older adult patients undergoing complex medical treatments like antiretroviral therapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The planning step of the nursing process involves setting goals and selecting interventions. This step is crucial in developing a care plan for the patient. Setting goals helps to establish what the desired outcomes of the nursing care should be, while selecting interventions involves determining the appropriate actions that need to be taken to achieve those goals. Assessing and diagnosing are part of the initial steps in the nursing process, while evaluating goal achievement and performing nursing actions and documenting them are steps that come after the planning phase.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Elevate head of bed 30 degrees before meals' is written correctly as it is specific in what to do (elevate HOB), by how much (30 degrees), and when (before meals), making it clear and actionable. The other options lack specificity (e.g., timing or frequency) required for proper intervention documentation.