ATI RN
How to Study for ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which drug goes through extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Propranolol goes through extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism. This means that after oral administration, a significant portion of the drug is metabolized by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. This process reduces the bioavailability of propranolol. As a result, higher doses are often required for oral administration compared to other routes of administration, such as intravenous. Heparin, insulin, nitroglycerine, and warfarin do not undergo extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is obtaining a medication history on a patient presenting with chest pain. What drug classification would necessitate the nurse informing the provider before beginning the prescribed nitroglycerin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator commonly used to treat angina and chest pain by relaxing blood vessels and increasing blood flow to the heart. When nitroglycerin is taken with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (such as sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil) used for erectile dysfunction, a profound drop in blood pressure can occur. This can lead to serious side effects like hypotension, dizziness, fainting, and even a potential risk of heart attack or stroke. Therefore, the nurse should inform the provider before administering nitroglycerin to a patient taking phosphodiesterase inhibitors to ensure safe medication management and possibly adjust the treatment plan as needed.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is in the intensive care unit and receiving an infusion of milrinone (Primacor) for severe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used to improve cardiac contractility and reduce pulmonary congestion in patients with heart failure. Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to reduce fluid volume in patients with congestive heart failure. Given that both milrinone and furosemide are typically administered intravenously and may have potentially incompatible effects on fluid and electrolyte balance, it is critically important to administer them separately. Mixing these medications in the same intravenous line can lead to potential drug interactions or decrease the effectiveness of either drug.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has been taking hydrocodone, and opioid analgesic for their
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Naloxone is the antidote commonly used to reverse the effects of opioid toxicity, including hydrocodone. Naloxone works by competitively binding to opioid receptors in the brain, displacing the opioid molecules, and reversing their effects. It effectively antagonizes the respiratory depression, sedation, and analgesic effects caused by opioids like hydrocodone. Administering naloxone can quickly reverse these dangerous effects and help restore respiratory function in cases of opioid overdose or toxicity. Naloxone is commonly used in emergency settings and can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or intranasally. It is crucial for healthcare providers to be familiar with naloxone and its administration in managing opioid toxicity.
Question 5 of 5
Which drug goes through extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Propranolol goes through extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism. This means that after oral administration, a significant portion of the drug is metabolized by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. This process reduces the bioavailability of propranolol. As a result, higher doses are often required for oral administration compared to other routes of administration, such as intravenous. Heparin, insulin, nitroglycerine, and warfarin do not undergo extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver.