ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 1 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which drug concentration is appropriate to administer in an order for epinephrine 0.3 mg IM to treat a severe allergic reaction in an adult patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The appropriate concentration for epinephrine 0.3 mg IM in an adult for a severe allergic reaction is 1:1000. This concentration is used for intramuscular administration, while 1:10,000 (A) is used for intravenous administration in cardiac arrest. Concentrations of 1:100 (C) and 1:10 (D) are not standard for this purpose.
Question 2 of 5
Serious adverse effects of oral contraceptives include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thromboembolic complications, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, are serious adverse effects of oral contraceptives. These occur due to the estrogen component, which increases the risk of blood clots. While headaches, dizziness, and breakthrough bleeding are common side effects, they are not as severe as thromboembolic events.
Question 3 of 5
A child was brought to the emergency room complaining of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Upon the interview of the nurse to the mother, the client has been taking a long-
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting in a child with a history of taking a long-acting formulation of valproic acid (Depakene) is concerning for valproic acid overdose. Valproic acid toxicity can lead to liver damage, which may present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. In cases of valproic acid overdose, acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is commonly used as a treatment to help prevent or reduce liver damage by replenishing glutathione stores and acting as a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Therefore, acetylcysteine should be readily available in this scenario to initiate prompt treatment and potentially prevent severe liver injury.
Question 4 of 5
The patient accidentally takes too much of the prescribed warfarin (Coumadin) and is readmitted to the hospital with bleeding. Which drug can the nurse anticipates administrating?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Warfarin, also known as Coumadin, is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the production of clotting factors in the liver, specifically factors II, VII, IX, and X. In the event of warfarin overdose, which can lead to excessive bleeding, the antidote is vitamin K. Vitamin K promotes the production of these clotting factors and helps reverse the effects of warfarin. Therefore, in this situation, the nurse can anticipate administering vitamin K to the patient to help stop the bleeding caused by the excess warfarin in the system.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who has been anticoagulated with warfarin (Coumadin) has been admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding. The history and physical examination indicates that the patient may have taken too much warfarin. The nurse anticipates that the patient will receive which antidote?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin (Coumadin) toxicity. Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist that inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X) in the liver. In cases of excessive anticoagulation and bleeding, administering vitamin K can help reverse the effects of warfarin by replenishing the depleted vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Vitamin K helps the liver produce clotting factors, thereby promoting the clotting process and reversing the excessive anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Other options mentioned, such as Vitamin E, Protamine sulfate, and Potassium chloride, are not appropriate antidotes for warfarin toxicity.