ATI RN
PN ATI Capstone Pharmacology 1 Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which drug classes are considered first-line treatment for heart failure? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the management of heart failure, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are considered first-line treatment because they help dilate blood vessels, reduce blood volume, and decrease the workload on the heart. This class of drugs has been shown to improve cardiac function and reduce mortality in heart failure patients. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are also commonly used in heart failure management, but they are typically reserved for patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effects like cough. Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, is not considered first-line treatment for heart failure. It is used more as an adjunct therapy in specific cases to help improve symptoms and quality of life, but it does not have the same impact on mortality reduction as ACE inhibitors. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind first-line treatments for heart failure is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide optimal care for patients. Knowing the mechanisms of action and specific indications for each drug class helps in making informed decisions about the most appropriate treatment options for individual patients based on their clinical presentation and comorbidities.
Question 2 of 5
In assessing a patient before administration of a cardiac glycoside, the nurse knows that which lab result can increase the toxicity of the drug?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low potassium levels, such as the potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L presented in choice A, can increase the toxicity of cardiac glycosides like digoxin. Hypokalemia can potentiate the effects of cardiac glycosides on the heart muscle, leading to an increased risk of cardiac toxicity and arrhythmias. Therefore, monitoring and correcting potassium levels before administering cardiac glycosides is essential to reduce the risk of adverse effects.
Question 3 of 5
A patient states he experiences anxiety and has panic attacks at least once a week. What might be helpful for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alprazolam (Xanax) is the most appropriate choice for a patient who experiences anxiety and has panic attacks at least once a week. Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine medication commonly used for the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. It acts as a central nervous system depressant and enhances the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, leading to a calming effect. Phenytoin (Dilantin) is an antiepileptic medication, Lithium is primarily used for bipolar disorder, and Spironolactone is a diuretic medication used for conditions like heart failure and hypertension; none of these medications are indicated for anxiety and panic attacks.
Question 4 of 5
If a patient overdoses on Morphine, the nurse would give him as
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist commonly used in cases of opioid overdose, such as with Morphine. When a patient overdoses on Morphine, they may experience respiratory depression, CNS depression, and sedation. Naloxone works by competitively binding to opioid receptors, displacing the opioid and reversing the effects of the overdose. It helps to quickly restore normal respiratory function and consciousness in patients who have ingested too much Morphine. Atropine, vitamin K, and physostigmine are not indicated for Morphine overdose.
Question 5 of 5
What patient could potentially take the drug Senna?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Senna is a stimulant laxative commonly used for the treatment of constipation. It is usually recommended for patients who have not passed stool in several days. Patients with conditions like eating disorders, hypersensitivity, anal fissures, or a history of hemorrhoids may have specific contraindications to using Senna, so they may not be suitable candidates for this medication.