Which drug category can be used for treating anxiety?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Seizure drugs (e.g., benzodiazepines like clonazepam) treat anxiety via GABA enhancement, calming overactivity, per pharmacology. Antitussives suppress cough, anticoagulants thin blood, and antibiotics fight infection-none target anxiety. Seizure drugs' anxiolytic use is established, fitting the need.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most concerning adverse effect for an older adult patient taking a vasodilator for hypertension is hypotension, which is abnormally low blood pressure. Older adults may be more sensitive to the blood pressure-lowering effects of vasodilators due to age-related changes in the cardiovascular system. Hypotension can lead to dizziness, lightheadedness, falls, and even fainting, increasing the risk of injury in older adults. Monitoring blood pressure regularly and adjusting the dosage appropriately are crucial in managing this potential adverse effect in older patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A sudden increase in temperature in a client receiving Pentamidine IV for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii is most likely an indication that the client has developed another infection. Pentamidine is an antiparasitic medication used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV/AIDS. An increase in temperature could be a sign of a new or worsening infection, especially in patients who are already immunocompromised. It is important for the nurse to monitor the client closely for signs of infection and notify the healthcare provider if there are any concerning symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Magnesium sulfate toxicity can cause respiratory depression, which is indicated by a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute or less. This is a life-threatening complication requiring immediate intervention. Deep tendon reflexes are typically absent in severe toxicity, not present. A urine output of 25 ml/hr may indicate renal impairment but is not specific to magnesium toxicity. A serum magnesium level of 7 mEq/L is elevated but does not alone confirm toxicity without clinical symptoms. Therefore, respiratory depression is the key indicator.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a hypertensive emergency where a patient's blood pressure is extremely elevated (such as 270/150 mm Hg in this case), one of the medications commonly used is a titratable intravenous antihypertensive medication like nicardipine. The maximum dose of nicardipine that should be infused is typically guided by the patient's response to treatment and not a fixed duration of time. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it highlights the importance of titrating the medication based on the patient's blood pressure response, rather than a specific time frame for infusion. Utilizing the drug at the lowest effective dose is crucial to avoid potential adverse effects, especially in a hypertensive emergency scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Albuterol is an example of a bronchodilator medication commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, which helps to open up the air passages and improve airflow to the lungs. This action can help relieve symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Albuterol is typically administered via inhalation to provide quick relief during an asthma attack or COPD exacerbation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angioedema is a potentially serious side effect of ACE inhibitors. It involves swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and submucosal tissues and can affect areas such as the face, lips, tongue, throat, and extremities. One of the key signs of angioedema is difficulty breathing, or dyspnea. Other signs may include swelling, itching, and hives. It is crucial for nurses to monitor patients taking ACE inhibitors for any signs of angioedema as it can rapidly progress and lead to airway compromise and respiratory distress. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential to prevent any serious complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A gastric residual volume of more than 60 mL (or 25% of the last feeding) suggests delayed gastric emptying, which increases the risk of aspiration. The nurse should hold the feeding and reassess if the residual exceeds this threshold. Higher residuals (B, C, D) are not acceptable indicators.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Alprazolam is a medication commonly used in treating anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety associated with depression. It belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which act on the central nervous system to produce a calming effect. Alprazolam helps to reduce feelings of anxiety and promote relaxation by enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. It is not used for relief of drowsiness, bronchospasms, or cardiac arrest.