Which dopamine pathway is associated with galactorrhea and gynecomas- tia?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tuberoinfundibular pathway. This pathway is responsible for regulating prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland. Dopamine inhibits prolactin release, so when this pathway is disrupted, it can lead to increased prolactin levels, causing galactorrhea (milk production) and gynecomastia (breast enlargement in males). A: Mesocortical pathway is associated with cognitive and emotional functions, not galactorrhea or gynecomastia. B: Mesolimbic pathway is involved in reward and reinforcement, not related to the symptoms mentioned. D: Nigrostriatal pathway is associated with motor control and is not linked to galactorrhea or gynecomastia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because understanding a patient's cultural background helps in developing individualized care plans that respect their beliefs and values. This promotes effective communication, builds trust, and improves health outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as cultural competence involves recognizing and respecting differences. Choice C is incorrect as cultural competence applies to all patients, not just those from different countries. Choice D is incorrect as discussing culture can enhance understanding and improve patient-provider relationships.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because administering medication to reduce withdrawal symptoms is crucial in managing alcohol withdrawal safely and effectively. Medications such as benzodiazepines can help prevent severe withdrawal symptoms like seizures and delirium tremens. It is essential to have medical supervision to monitor the patient's condition and adjust medication as needed. Choice A is incorrect because abrupt alcohol cessation can lead to dangerous withdrawal symptoms. Choice B is important but alone may not be sufficient for managing severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Choice C is incorrect as isolating the patient can increase feelings of loneliness and exacerbate withdrawal symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sexual dysfunction. SSRIs can cause sexual side effects such as decreased libido, delayed ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction due to their impact on serotonin levels. Weight loss (A) is less common as SSRIs are more likely to cause weight gain. Increased appetite (C) is also less likely, as SSRIs can sometimes lead to decreased appetite. Hypertension (D) is not a common side effect of SSRIs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Providing support with mobility and communication as needed. This is the most appropriate intervention to promote the patient's rehabilitation after a stroke. Supporting the patient with mobility exercises and communication helps improve physical and cognitive function, which are crucial aspects of stroke recovery. By assisting with mobility, the nurse can help prevent complications such as muscle weakness or contractures. Communication support can aid in language recovery and overall cognitive function. Incorrect choices: A: Encouraging independence in activities of daily living may be important, but focusing solely on this aspect may not address the specific needs of stroke recovery. B: While a high-protein diet can be beneficial for recovery, it is not the most crucial intervention for promoting rehabilitation after a stroke. D: Focusing on past abilities alone may not address the current limitations and needs of the patient post-stroke.