Which diuretic inhibits (Na , 2Cl⁻, K ) cotransport in the Loop of Henle as its primary action?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Furosemide inhibits Na /2Cl⁻/K cotransporter in the thick ascending limb blocks reabsorption (e.g., loop diuretic). Thiazides target distal tubule Na /Cl⁻. Osmotic diuretics (e.g., mannitol) act broadly not specific. Acetazolamide inhibits proximal HCO₃⁻ unrelated. Loop-specific action distinguishes furosemide, critical for diuresis potency, unlike distal or non-specific options.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased ventilation decreases extracellular COâ‚‚ blows off COâ‚‚, raising pH (e.g., respiratory alkalosis). Intracellular H lowering is secondary pH effect. Intracellular COâ‚‚ shifts less direct. Extracellular H decrease follows COâ‚‚ primary. COâ‚‚ reduction distinguishes it, key to ventilatory pH shift, unlike H or intracellular focus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Laryngeal obstruction won't cause respiratory alkalosis blocks ventilation, raising PCOâ‚‚ (acidosis). Fever, anxiety, and salicylate toxicity hyperventilate lower PCOâ‚‚, raise pH. Obstruction's acidotic effect distinguishes it, critical for respiratory differential, unlike alkalosis triggers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nephrons filter blood and form urine not transport (ureters), absorb nutrients (gut), or store waste (bladder). This defines their role, key for renal function, contrasting with downstream or unrelated tasks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The bladder stores urine not kidney (production), ureter (transport), or urethra (exit). This identifies storage organ, key for micturition, contrasting with production/transport roles.