Which disease of the following can cause distributive shock?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Early septic shock causes distributive shock due to widespread vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, leading to low systemic vascular resistance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: IVH is most common in preterm infants due to fragile germinal matrix vessels that rupture with fluctuating cerebral blood flow. The risk is highest in neonates born before 32 weeks of gestation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rubella is strongly associated with intracranial calcifications in affected infants. Other infections like cytomegalovirus and syphilis may also cause calcifications but are less characteristic.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Expiratory grunting indicates difficulty in oxygenation and is often a compensatory mechanism in pneumonia, where alveolar collapse or consolidation reduces oxygen exchange.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Atelectasis results in dull percussion, not normal findings, due to lung collapse and volume loss.