Which disease is an example of Type V hypersensitivity?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Grave's disease, for Type V hypersensitivity. In Type V hypersensitivity, antibodies target cell surface receptors, leading to abnormal stimulation or blockage. In Grave's disease, antibodies target the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, leading to excessive thyroid hormone production. Multiple sclerosis (A) is an example of Type IV hypersensitivity involving T cell-mediated response. Rheumatoid arthritis (C) is an example of Type III hypersensitivity involving immune complex deposition. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (D) is an example of Type II hypersensitivity involving antibody-mediated destruction of cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary effector cell in delayed-type hypersensitivity is T cells. T cells play a crucial role in initiating and orchestrating the immune response in delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Upon exposure to the antigen, T cells are activated and release cytokines that recruit and activate macrophages, leading to the inflammatory response characteristic of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Mast cells are involved in immediate hypersensitivity reactions mediated by IgE. Neutrophils are primarily involved in acute inflammation and combating bacterial infections. B cells are responsible for antibody production in humoral immunity, not in delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is B: T cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because abruptly stopping prednisone can lead to adrenal insufficiency due to suppression of the body's natural cortisol production. Adrenal insufficiency can be life-threatening. Priority is given to this information to ensure the client's safety. Choice A is incorrect as jitteriness or nervousness are common side effects but not the priority. Choice B is incorrect as sodium and fluid retention are potential side effects but not as critical as avoiding adrenal insufficiency. Choice C is incorrect as fat redistribution is a long-term effect but not as immediate as the risk of adrenal insufficiency.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vasculitis. Vasculitis is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and can lead to serious organ damage and even death. In SLE, inflammation affects blood vessels, leading to vasculitis which can cause tissue damage and impaired blood flow. While infections, cardiovascular impairment, and chronic kidney disease are also common causes of mortality in SLE patients, vasculitis is specifically associated with the disease and its complications. Infections can occur due to the immune system's weakened response, cardiovascular issues can arise from inflammation and damage to the heart and blood vessels, and chronic kidney disease can develop due to immune complex deposition in the kidneys. However, vasculitis is the most directly linked cause of death in SLE patients due to its impact on multiple organ systems.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.