Which disease can be caused by a lack of vitamin C?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: scurvy. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, bleeding gums, and skin discoloration. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, and its deficiency impairs collagen formation. A: AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), not by a lack of vitamin C. B: Coronary heart disease is primarily related to factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking, not vitamin C deficiency. C: Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, leading to soft and weak bones, not by a lack of vitamin C.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: solidification. Solidification is the process in which a substance changes from a liquid state to a solid state by losing heat energy. In this process, the particles slow down and come closer together, forming a solid structure. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid, not from liquid to solid. B: Evaporation is the change of state from liquid to gas, not from liquid to solid. C: Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid, not from liquid to solid. In summary, the process described in the question, changing from a liquid state to a solid state, is known as solidification, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: high blood glucose concentration. Insulin is released by the pancreas in response to increased blood glucose levels. High blood glucose signals the body to lower it by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Low blood amino acid, fatty acid, or glucose concentrations would not stimulate insulin release as they do not directly regulate blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: POMC is processed into various peptide hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. This is why option A is correct. Growth hormone, thyroxin, and insulin are not derived from POMC, making options B, C, and D incorrect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the superior mesenteric artery is located posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process. This is anatomically accurate as the artery runs behind the neck of the pancreas and in front of the uncinate process. Choice A is incorrect as it places the artery inferior to the neck of the pancreas. Choice B is incorrect as it positions the artery in front of the neck of the pancreas and behind the uncinate process. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests the artery is above the neck of the pancreas and behind the uncinate process, which is not accurate in anatomical terms.