ATI RN
Gastrointestinal NCLEX RN Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which digestive substances are active or activated in the stomach (select all that apply)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pepsin. Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It is activated by the acidic environment in the stomach. Bile (A) is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not active in the stomach. Gastrin (C) is a hormone that stimulates gastric acid secretion but is not a digestive substance. Maltase (D) is an enzyme produced in the small intestine that breaks down maltose into glucose, not active in the stomach. Thus, the only substance active or activated in the stomach is Pepsin.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who has been vomiting for several days from an unknown cause is admitted to the hospital. What should the nurse anticipate will be included in collaborative care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: IV replacement of fluid and electrolytes. When a patient has been vomiting for several days, they are at risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Intravenous fluids are necessary to rehydrate the patient and restore electrolyte balance. Oral administration of broth and tea (choice A) may not be sufficient for severe dehydration. Administration of parenteral antiemetics (choice C) may help control vomiting but does not address the dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube for suction (choice D) may be considered if the patient has severe gastric distention or ileus, but the priority is to address fluid and electrolyte imbalances first.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse determines that teaching for the patient with peptic ulcer disease has been effective when the patient makes which statement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because learning relaxation strategies to decrease stress can help manage peptic ulcer disease symptoms. Stress can exacerbate ulcer symptoms, so stress management is crucial. Choice A is incorrect as stopping medications abruptly can worsen the condition. Choice B is incorrect as treatment should be based on medical advice, not just pain presence. Choice D is incorrect as different antacids contain varying active ingredients and may not have the same effect.
Question 4 of 5
The patient has persistent and continuous pain at McBurney's point. The nursing assessment reveals rebound tenderness and muscle guarding with the patient preferring to lie still with the right leg flexe What should the nursing interventions for this patient include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: NPO status in preparation for possible appendectomy. This patient presents with classic signs of appendicitis, such as persistent pain at McBurney's point, rebound tenderness, muscle guarding, and preference for lying still with the right leg flexed. NPO status is crucial to prevent complications if surgery is needed. Laxatives (choice A) are not indicated as the focus should be on diagnosing and treating appendicitis. Parenteral fluids and antibiotics (choice C) may be necessary but not specifically for 6 hours before surgery. Inserting an NG tube (choice D) is not necessary for appendicitis.
Question 5 of 5
What should the nurse teach the patient with diverticulosis to do?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Maintaining a high-fiber diet and using bulk laxatives helps to increase fecal volume, which can prevent constipation and reduce the risk of diverticulitis flare-ups. High-fiber foods promote healthy bowel movements and prevent the formation of small pockets in the colon (diverticula). Anticholinergic drugs (choice A) are not typically used for diverticulosis. Annual colonoscopies (choice B) are important for colon cancer screening but not specific to diverticulosis management. Excluding whole grain breads and cereals (choice D) is not recommended as fiber from these foods is beneficial for digestive health and can help prevent diverticular disease complications.