Which diagnostic study is recommended for high-risk clients in addition to mammography?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) MRI. High-risk clients, such as those with a family history of breast cancer or certain genetic mutations, require additional screening beyond mammography to detect cancer at an early stage. MRI is recommended for these individuals because it is more sensitive in detecting breast cancer in dense breast tissue compared to mammography alone. MRI can provide detailed images of the breast tissue, helping to identify abnormalities that may be missed by mammography. A) Breast biopsy is a diagnostic procedure done after an abnormality is detected on imaging studies like mammography or MRI. It is not a recommended screening test for high-risk clients. C) Ultrasound is useful as a supplemental imaging tool for evaluating breast abnormalities found on mammography or MRI, but it is not typically recommended as a primary screening test for high-risk clients. D) CT scan is not routinely used for breast cancer screening due to its limited sensitivity in detecting breast abnormalities. It is primarily used for staging cancer or evaluating distant metastasis. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the choice of MRI for high-risk clients is crucial for healthcare providers involved in breast cancer screening and management. It highlights the importance of personalized screening approaches based on individual risk factors and the strengths of different diagnostic modalities in detecting breast cancer. This knowledge empowers healthcare professionals to make informed decisions regarding the most appropriate screening strategies for their patients, ultimately improving early detection and outcomes in high-risk populations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Elevate the client's arm on two pillows to promote lymphatic drainage, which can be delegated to a nursing assistant. This task is appropriate for delegation because it is a non-invasive intervention that does not require specialized knowledge or assessment skills. Nursing assistants are trained to assist with activities of daily living and basic patient care, like positioning clients for comfort. Option A) Teach the client why blood pressure measurements are taken on the left arm requires specialized knowledge and explanation that should be provided by a nurse. Option C) Assess the client's right arm for lymphedema involves a comprehensive assessment that requires nursing judgment and skill, so it should not be delegated. Option D) Wrap the client's right arm with elastic bandages involves applying a treatment that requires assessment, judgment, and knowledge of proper technique, making it inappropriate for delegation to a nursing assistant. In an educational context, understanding the principles of delegation is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective patient care. Delegation involves assigning appropriate tasks to the right personnel based on their competency level, training, and scope of practice. It is important to differentiate between tasks that can be delegated and those that require specialized skills to maintain patient safety and quality of care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of a home health client who has undergone a radical prostatectomy, delegating the task of assisting the client to ambulate for increasing distances to the home health aide is appropriate. This activity helps in promoting the client's physical mobility and independence in a safe manner, which is crucial for recovery post-surgery. Option A, monitoring the client for symptoms of urinary tract infection, requires a higher level of clinical judgment and assessment skills usually possessed by a nurse or healthcare provider. Home health aides are generally not trained to diagnose or assess medical conditions. Option B, helping the client to connect the catheter to the leg bag, involves a specialized skill that falls within the scope of a licensed healthcare professional due to infection control and catheter care considerations. Option C, assessing the client's incision for appropriate wound healing, also requires specific training and knowledge to identify signs of infection or complications accurately. Educationally, understanding the scope of practice for different healthcare team members is essential for safe and effective patient care delegation. It is crucial to match tasks with the appropriate level of training and competence to ensure quality care delivery and patient safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) The nurse observes the client for any discomfort in the shoulders. In a culdoscopy, the procedure involves examining the reproductive organs through the vaginal wall. Shoulder pain post-culdoscopy can be indicative of peritoneal irritation due to the introduction of gas into the abdominal cavity during the procedure. This referred pain to the shoulders is a common side effect and the nurse needs to monitor for it. Option B is incorrect because while monitoring for signs of internal bleeding and shock is important in any post-procedure care, it is not specifically related to culdoscopy. Option C is incorrect as changes in skin color and body temperature are not typical indicators of complications post-culdoscopy. Option D is incorrect as urinary output monitoring is not directly relevant to a culdoscopy procedure. Educationally, understanding the specific post-procedure care for various examinations is crucial for nurses to provide effective and safe patient care. By knowing the expected outcomes and potential complications of procedures like culdoscopy, nurses can intervene promptly and ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Regular gynecologic examinations and Pap tests are essential for women's health for several reasons. The correct answer, C, is that it increases the potential for an early diagnosis. Regular screenings can detect any abnormalities or signs of diseases like cervical cancer early, allowing for timely intervention and treatment, which significantly improves outcomes and survival rates. Option A, deciding the mode of surgical treatment, is incorrect because gynecologic examinations and Pap tests are diagnostic procedures and not directly related to deciding surgical treatments. Option B, being the best cure for most infections, is incorrect because while Pap tests can detect infections like HPV, they are primarily aimed at identifying precancerous or cancerous changes in the cervix, not for curing infections. Option D, stating that it is an inexpensive test, is incorrect because while Pap tests are generally affordable, the primary reason for recommending them is for early detection and prevention of serious health issues rather than cost-effectiveness. In an educational context, nurses play a crucial role in promoting women's health through patient education. By explaining the importance of regular gynecologic examinations and Pap tests, nurses empower women to take charge of their health and well-being, leading to early detection of potential health concerns and ultimately improving health outcomes. This education emphasizes the preventive aspect of healthcare, encouraging women to prioritize screenings for early intervention and better health management.