Which diagnosis would the nurse anticipate when observing a “bull’s eye” rash on a client’s leg?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lyme disease. The "bull's eye" rash is a characteristic symptom of Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted through tick bites. This rash typically appears as a red ring with a clear center, resembling a bull's eye. It is a key indicator of early-stage Lyme disease. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not present with a "bull's eye" rash as a characteristic symptom. Zika virus manifests with fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. West Nile virus causes fever, headache, body aches, and occasionally a rash. Dengue fever is characterized by high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the question asks which community should receive funding first, implying prioritization. Without additional context, it is crucial to consider factors beyond just the number of single teenage pregnancies, such as the overall population size, existing resources, and other health indicators. Choices B, C, and D provide data on single teenage pregnancies but lack information on other relevant factors. Therefore, the nurse should suggest further evaluation and assessment of all communities before making a decision.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The prevalence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events. Rationale: 1. Prevalence refers to the total number of existing cases of a disease within a population at a specific time. 2. By monitoring the prevalence of diabetes during screening events, nurses can assess the impact of their educational programs. 3. A decrease in prevalence indicates that the educational programs may be effective in reducing the number of diabetes cases. 4. Options A, B, and D do not directly measure the impact of the educational programs on diabetes prevalence, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Case fatality rate. This is the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a specific disease who die from that disease within a specified period. It directly relates to the man's question about survival chances. Attack rate (A) is the proportion of exposed individuals who develop the disease. Cause-specific morbidity rate (C) is the proportion of individuals with a specific disease in a population. Crude mortality rate (D) is the total number of deaths in a population from any cause. Therefore, B is the most relevant data for the man's question about survival chances.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because weighing students to identify those who are overweight is a secondary prevention intervention. This intervention focuses on early detection and intervention for individuals who already have risk factors for a health condition, in this case, obesity. By identifying overweight students early on, the nurse can provide targeted interventions and support to prevent further weight gain and related health issues. A, giving a presentation on the importance of exercise, is more of a primary prevention strategy aimed at educating all students to prevent obesity from occurring in the first place. B, designing a game for healthy food choices, is also a primary prevention strategy that promotes healthy behaviors for all students. D, putting students on a diet if they are overweight, is more of a tertiary prevention approach focusing on treatment after the condition has already developed, rather than early detection and prevention.