Which device provides visual feedback for patients to practice deep inspiration during the postoperative period?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Incentive spirometry. This device encourages patients to take deep breaths by providing visual feedback, helping prevent postoperative complications like atelectasis. A: Pulse oximeter and B: Heart rate monitor measure vital signs but do not provide visual feedback for deep inspiration. D: Mirror does not actively assist in deep breathing exercises.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hydrotherapy. Deep heat modalities like ultrasound, shortwave diathermy, and microwave diathermy utilize various forms of electromagnetic waves to penetrate tissues and provide therapeutic heat. Hydrotherapy, on the other hand, involves the therapeutic use of water in various forms like whirlpools, hot/cold packs, and steam baths, but it does not deliver deep heat through electromagnetic waves. Therefore, hydrotherapy is not considered a deep heat modality. Ultrasound, shortwave diathermy, and microwave diathermy are all examples of deep heat modalities commonly used in physical therapy for tissue healing and pain management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because collecting a follow-up data base allows the nurse to assess any changes in the patient's health status since her last visit, including evaluating the effectiveness of the new medication on her blood pressure. This step is essential to ensure the patient's ongoing care is appropriate and effective. Option B is incorrect because asking the patient to read her health record may not provide a comprehensive update on her current health status. Option C is incorrect as the patient's health history may have changed within the 2-month period, necessitating a reassessment. Option D is incorrect as obtaining a complete health history before checking her blood pressure may delay the assessment and may not be necessary for a routine follow-up visit.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most likely diagnosis for a hard mass in the midline of the palate with no associated mucosal abnormalities is Torus palatinus (Choice B). This is a benign bony growth that typically occurs in the midline of the hard palate. The absence of mucosal abnormalities and the hard nature of the mass are indicative of a bony growth rather than a soft tissue lesion like leukoplakia (Choice A), thrush (Choice C), or Kaposi's sarcoma (Choice D). Leukoplakia is a white patch that cannot be scraped off, thrush is a fungal infection causing creamy white lesions, and Kaposi's sarcoma usually presents as purplish lesions in immunocompromised individuals. In this case, the hard midline mass without mucosal changes points towards Torus palatinus as the most likely diagnosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The obturator sign is a test for appendicitis. B is correct because it describes the characteristic pain felt in the right hypogastric region when the right hip and knee are flexed and internally rotated, indicating irritation of the obturator muscle due to an inflamed appendix. A is incorrect as it describes rebound tenderness in a different location. C is incorrect as it describes pain with thigh extension or flexion, not internal rotation. D is incorrect as it describes pain that affects breathing, not related to obturator muscle irritation.