ATI RN
Infectious Disease Pediatric Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which describes the recommended use of HRIG for postexposure rabies prophylaxis in the United States?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CDC recommends infiltrating as much HRIG as possible around the wound, with the rest IM, alongside vaccine.
Question 2 of 5
A 4-year-old child presents with acute onset of colicky abdominal pain, blood-stained diarrhea, and tenesmus. There is no fever. Trophozoites are seen in the stool. The family has recently returned from a trip to Mexico. Which etiology should be suspected?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Entamoeba histolytica causes amebic dysentery with bloody diarrhea and trophozoites in stool.
Question 3 of 5
A 16-month-old infant present with high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis; after 3 days a macular rash begins on the head and spreads over most of the body. On examination; cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and temperature 40°C. CBC reveals WBC count 3000/mm³ The severity of this illness is MOST likely related to the extent of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Measles severity correlates with leukopenia (D), reflecting immune suppression and infection intensity, more than rash (A), fever (B), cough (C), or splenomegaly (E), per pediatric infectious disease data.
Question 4 of 5
A 9-month-old infant have remittent fever for the last 4 days with nasal congestion and mild cough, today he developed maculopapular rash after subsidence of the fever. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Roseola (B) typically presents with high fever for days, followed by a rash after fever subsides, common in infants, unlike rubella (A), measles (C), scarlet fever (D), or Kawasaki (E).
Question 5 of 5
A 5-year-old child (who had neurosurgical procedure before 1 month) presented with fever, headache, repeated vomiting, and nuchal rigidity; Kemig and Brudzinski are positive; cerebrospinal fluid findings are (leukocytes 550/μL with PMNs predominate), protein (120 mg/dL), and glucose (44 mg/dL); serum glucose (118 mg/dL). Of the following, the MOST common organism that cause this condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-neurosurgery meningitis is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus (A), often skin flora like S. aureus or epidermidis, per infectious disease data.