ATI RN
Drug and Dosage for ET Tube Cardiovascular Pharmacological Agents Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which depolarizing agent has the extremely brief duration of action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Succinylcholine is the correct answer because it is a depolarizing agent with an extremely brief duration of action. It rapidly metabolizes by plasma cholinesterase, leading to a short duration of effect. Mivacurium, Rocuronium, and Rapacuronium are non-depolarizing agents with longer durations of action due to their mechanisms of action and metabolism, making them incorrect choices.
Question 2 of 5
Beta-receptor antagonists have all of the following cardiovascular effects EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Beta-receptor antagonists, also known as beta-blockers, do not cause a fall in peripheral resistance as an acute effect. Here's why: A, negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, occur because beta-blockers decrease heart rate and contractility. C, vasoconstriction, is not a direct effect of beta-blockers; they actually cause vasodilation. D, reduction of renin release, is correct as beta-blockers inhibit renin-angiotensin system activity. Therefore, B is the exception among the listed cardiovascular effects of beta-receptor antagonists.
Question 3 of 5
Which stage of sleep is responsible for the incidence of dreams?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: REM sleep. During REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, brain activity is high and resembles waking patterns. This stage is associated with vivid dreams. Slow wave sleep (choice B) is deep, restorative sleep with minimal dreaming. Stage 2 NREM sleep (choice C) is a lighter sleep stage with occasional light dreaming. Option D is incorrect because only REM sleep is widely recognized as the stage most responsible for dreaming due to increased brain activity and vivid dreams.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following antiseizure drugs acts directly on the GABA receptor-chloride channel complex?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that enhances GABAergic transmission by binding to GABA-A receptors. 2. GABA-A receptors are chloride channels that open in response to GABA binding. 3. By binding to GABA-A receptors, diazepam increases chloride influx, leading to neuronal hyperpolarization and inhibition of seizure activity. Summary: A. Vigabatrin inhibits GABA transaminase, increasing GABA levels indirectly. C. Gabapentin modulates calcium channels and has no direct effect on GABA receptors. D. Valproate increases GABA levels but does not directly bind to GABA receptors.
Question 5 of 5
Mu (μ) receptors are associated with:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because mu (μ) receptors are primarily associated with analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, and physical dependence. This is supported by pharmacological studies and clinical observations. Choice B is incorrect because mydriasis and sedation are not typically associated with mu receptors. Choice C is incorrect because dysphoria, hallucinations, and respiratory/vasomotor stimulation are more commonly linked to other receptor types. Choice D is incorrect because respiratory stimulation is not a typical effect of mu receptor activation. Overall, the key characteristics of mu receptors align with the effects listed in option A, making it the correct choice.