Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect where there is an abnormal opening in the atrial septum, leading to a left-to-right shunt of blood. This shunt causes increased pulmonary blood flow, as oxygenated blood from the left atrium is shunted back into the right atrium and then into the pulmonary circulation. Over time, this increased pulmonary blood flow can lead to pulmonary hypertension and potentially Eisenmenger syndrome if left untreated. Pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid atresia, and transposition of the great arteries all typically result in decreased pulmonary blood flow rather than increased pulmonary blood flow.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atrial septal defect (ASD) often presents with a systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and a fixed split second heart sound.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Face recognition typically occurs earlier than 26 weeks.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Calcium is the mineral necessary for chemical clotting. When there is a cut or injury that causes bleeding, the body's clotting process is initiated to stop the bleeding. Calcium ions play a crucial role in several steps of the clotting cascade, helping to activate various clotting factors and promoting the formation of a stable blood clot. Without sufficient calcium, the blood would not be able to clot properly, leading to potential complications with excessive bleeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atrial septal defect (ASD) often presents with a systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and a fixed split second heart sound.