Which data should the nurse utilize to determine the leading cause of death across the population?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: General mortality. This data includes all deaths in the population, providing a comprehensive overview of leading causes of death. Infant mortality (A) only focuses on deaths of infants, not the entire population. Life expectancy (B) indicates how long a person is expected to live but does not directly show leading causes of death. Morbidity rate (C) refers to the prevalence of diseases, not specifically the leading cause of death. General mortality (D) is the most appropriate choice as it encompasses all deaths in the population, giving a clear picture of the leading causes of death.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Obtaining funding for community walking trails. This is an upstream intervention because it addresses the root cause of sedentary lifestyles by creating an environment that promotes physical activity. By providing walking trails, the nurse is enabling community members to engage in physical activity easily. This intervention targets the environment rather than focusing solely on individual behavior change. A: Counseling community members on the negative health effects of being sedentary is a downstream intervention that focuses on individual behavior change rather than addressing the broader environmental factors contributing to sedentary lifestyles. B: Conducting body mass index screenings during a community health fair is a midstream intervention that assesses individual health status but does not directly address the root cause of sedentary lifestyles. D: Sending mailings with exercise tips to community residents is a downstream intervention that provides information but does not create an environment conducive to physical activity like building walking trails would.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because analyzing data from hospitals to identify the most common illnesses requiring emergency visits aligns with public health data collection for population health. This process helps in understanding health trends, prioritizing resources, and implementing targeted interventions. Surveying middle school children (A) focuses on dietary preferences, not public health data. Tracking attendance at a blood pressure clinic (B) measures service utilization, not population health trends. Interviewing a family on the emotional impact of gun violence (D) is important but does not involve public health data collection for population health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because quaternary prevention focuses on avoiding unnecessary medical interventions that can potentially harm individuals. A, reducing negative impacts, is tertiary prevention. B, early detection and treatment, is secondary prevention. C, addressing root causes, is primary prevention. Therefore, D is the best example of quaternary prevention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because promoting a weekly farmer's market for locally grown fruits and vegetables aligns with community health principles by addressing cardiovascular disease prevention through risk-factor modification at a population level. This approach promotes healthy eating habits and access to fresh produce, which can help reduce the risk factors for heart disease in the community as a whole. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on individual counseling rather than a population-based approach. Choice C is incorrect because it pertains to managing heart disease in an individual rather than preventing it at a community level. Choice D is incorrect as it involves a specific program for community members with heart failure rather than a prevention-focused initiative for the broader population.