Which criterion is considered the most important f

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Question 1 of 5

Which criterion is considered the most important for establishing causality?

A. Strength of association B. Biological plausibility C. Temporal relationship D. Consistency

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Temporality (C) is essential; exposure must precede outcome (e.g., smoking before cancer). A, B, and D support but aren’t absolute.

Question 2 of 5

All the following statements about coronary heart disease in the U.S. are true EXCEPT

A. about 5 million Americans have coronary heart disease B. coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in men 35 to 44 years of age C. among the elderly, angina is a more frequent presentation in women than in men D. the incidence of coronary heart disease increases fivefold from 40 to 60 years of age in both men and women

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: CHD is not the top killer in 35-44 men (accidents higher); others true.

Question 3 of 5

Asthma is characterized by which of the following?

A. Age of onset before age 40 in about 95 percent of cases B. Persistently abnormal forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) C. Greater frequency in girls than boys D. Frequent family history of atopy

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Atopy is common; A (not 95%), B (reversible), C (boys higher) false.

Question 4 of 5

The risk of developing cataracts is increased among all the following persons EXCEPT those

A. who have type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes B. with a history of congenital rubella C. who have type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes D. with an occupational exposure to video display terminals

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: VDTs don’t increase cataracts; others do.

Question 5 of 5

Disorders of the prostate gland are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly men. All the following statements about these disorders are true EXCEPT

A. by age 70, almost 30 percent of men have benign prostatic hypertrophy B. about 10 percent of men will eventually undergo surgery for benign prostatic hypertrophy C. prostate cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death among men in the U.S. D. prostate cancer is usually asymptomatic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: BPH prevalence is ~50-70% by 70; others true.

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Which criterion is considered the most important for establishing causality?

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Epidemiology Exam Questions and Answers DOC Questions

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