Which couple is at greatest risk for domestic violence?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of Family Centered Care Theory in nursing, it is crucial to identify risk factors for domestic violence to provide appropriate support and intervention. Option C, the pregnant woman and husband with a history of childhood abuse, are at the greatest risk for domestic violence. The husband's history of being abused as a child increases the likelihood of perpetrating violence in adulthood. The stressors of pregnancy can also exacerbate tensions and trigger abusive behavior. Option A, a couple with Alzheimer's disease, may face challenges related to caregiving and emotional stress but does not inherently indicate a risk for domestic violence. Option B, a poverty-stricken couple, may face stressors related to financial strain, but poverty alone does not predict domestic violence. Option D, the wealthy couple with a sense of entitlement, while displaying concerning attitudes, does not inherently indicate an immediate risk for domestic violence. It is essential for healthcare providers to understand the complex interplay of factors contributing to domestic violence to effectively assess and intervene in such situations, emphasizing the importance of a thorough understanding of family dynamics and risk factors in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Melzack and Wall's theory of pain. This theory is known as the Gate Control Theory of Pain. It suggests that there is a "gate" in the spinal cord that can either block or allow pain signals to travel to the brain. Factors like low endorphins and anxiety can open this gate, amplifying pain signals, while factors like decreased anxiety and fear can close the gate, reducing the perception of pain. Moritz Schiff's theory of pain (option A) focuses on the transmission of pain signals along nerves. The Intensive Theory of Pain (option B) is not a recognized theory in the field of pain management. The Specificity Theory of Pain (option D) proposes that specific pain receptors exist in the body. Understanding Melzack and Wall's theory is crucial for nurses practicing family-centered care as it helps them comprehend how psychological and emotional factors can influence pain perception. By recognizing these factors, nurses can provide holistic care that addresses not only physical but also emotional aspects of pain management, promoting better outcomes for patients and their families.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) 1.425 mL. To calculate the correct dose of heparin to administer subcutaneously, we need to use a simple proportion based on the doctor's order and medication label information provided. First, we set up the proportion as follows: 4,500 units in 1 mL = X units in 6,500 units Cross multiply to solve for X: 4,500 units * 6,500 units = 1 mL * X units X = (4,500 * 6,500) / 1 = 29,250,000 / 4,500 = 6.5 mL Therefore, the correct dose to administer is 6.5 mL. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: A) 1.4 mL: This is incorrect because it does not account for the total units required based on the doctor's order and the concentration of heparin in the medication label. B) 1.5 mL: This is incorrect as it does not accurately calculate the dose needed based on the provided information. C) 1.475 mL: This option is incorrect as it does not reflect the correct calculation based on the doctor's order and medication label information. Educational context: Understanding medication dosage calculations is crucial for nurses to ensure patient safety and effective treatment. It is essential to be proficient in basic math skills to accurately calculate medication dosages, as errors can have serious consequences. Nurses must always double-check their calculations and be aware of the units, concentrations, and orders involved in medication administration to prevent medication errors and promote patient well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) "Focus on having a family." According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, the patient, a 41-year-old male, is likely in the stage of generativity vs. stagnation. During this stage, individuals typically focus on contributing to society and nurturing the next generation. Family becomes a central focus, and individuals seek to establish and guide the next generation. This aligns with the patient's developmental stage as described in the question. Option B) "Does not assume responsibility for his actions" is incorrect because it does not align with any specific stage of Erikson's theory. Option C) "Unable to solve problems" does not correspond to any developmental stage either. Option D) "Perceptions are based on illusions" is not relevant to Erikson's stages of development. Educationally, understanding Erikson's theory is crucial for nurses as it helps them comprehend and provide care that is tailored to each individual's developmental stage. By recognizing where a patient falls within Erikson's stages, nurses can better address their needs and support their psychosocial growth and well-being. It also enables nurses to establish rapport, communicate effectively, and promote holistic care that considers not just the physical but also the emotional and psychological aspects of the patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the correct answer is A) id. The id is the part of the personality that is present at birth and operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of basic needs and desires. It is driven by instincts and operates unconsciously. Option B) ego, on the other hand, is the part of the personality that develops to mediate between the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, seeking to satisfy the id's desires in a realistic and socially acceptable way. Option C) superego represents the internalized ideals and values of society, acting as the moral conscience and striving for perfection. It develops as a result of socialization and moral standards. In an educational context, understanding Freud's theory of personality is essential for nurses practicing family-centered care. By having knowledge of these concepts, nurses can better understand the motivations and behaviors of individuals, including family members, and provide more holistic and empathetic care. Recognizing the role of the id in seeking immediate gratification can help nurses address underlying needs and concerns effectively.