Which consultation or referral by the nurse is most appropriate for a client who is obese and demonstrates poor wound healing?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nutritional consult. Poor wound healing in an obese client may be due to inadequate nutrition. A nutritional consult can assess the client's dietary intake and provide recommendations to support healing. Podiatry referral focuses on foot care, not addressing the root cause of poor wound healing. Pulmonologist referral is unrelated to wound healing in this scenario. Physical therapy may be beneficial for mobility but does not directly address the nutritional aspect affecting wound healing. Therefore, a nutritional consult is the most appropriate choice to address the underlying issue.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths in adults 65 and older due to age-related changes affecting balance and coordination. Elderly individuals are more prone to falls, leading to serious injuries such as hip fractures and head trauma. Falls can also result in long-term disabilities and decreased quality of life. Violence (B) is less common in this age group. Alcoholism (C) may contribute to falls but is not the primary cause. Motor vehicle accidents (D) are more prevalent in younger age groups.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is option B) creation of the first nursing school. This marked Florence Nightingale's influence on the formalization and professionalization of nursing education. Nightingale established the first nursing school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London in 1860. This marked a significant milestone as it laid the foundation for modern nursing education. Option A) establishment of the ANA (American Nurses Association) is incorrect because the ANA was founded in 1896, after Nightingale's time, and while it has been crucial in advancing the profession, it was not the milestone that directly marked Nightingale's influence on nursing education. Option C) introduction of evidence-based practice is also incorrect as this concept emerged much later in the history of nursing, not during Nightingale's era. Option D) development of specialized nursing fields is also an incorrect choice as it pertains to the diversification and expansion of nursing roles, which occurred over time and was not directly linked to Nightingale's establishment of the first nursing school. Understanding the historical context of nursing education and the pivotal role played by Florence Nightingale in setting up the first formal nursing school is crucial for nursing students to appreciate the evolution of their profession. This milestone not only contributed to the professionalization of nursing but also set a standard for nursing education that continues to influence nursing practice today.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of nursing, assumptions play a crucial role in shaping the theoretical framework of the profession. Option C, "by forming foundational beliefs," is the correct answer. Foundational beliefs are essential in guiding nursing theories and practices. Assumptions serve as the basis upon which theoretical frameworks are built, influencing how nurses perceive and approach patient care. Option A, "by providing empirical evidence," is incorrect because assumptions are not based on empirical evidence but rather on underlying beliefs and values. While empirical evidence is important in nursing research, it is not the primary function of assumptions in developing theoretical frameworks. Option B, "by establishing shared understanding," is also incorrect because while shared understanding is important for collaboration and communication in nursing practice, assumptions go beyond establishing shared understanding to form the core beliefs that guide nursing actions. Option D, "by guiding research design," is incorrect as assumptions inform the theoretical underpinnings of research, but they do not directly guide research design. Research design is typically influenced by research questions, methodologies, and ethical considerations rather than assumptions. Understanding the role of assumptions in nursing theory is crucial for nursing students as it helps them critically analyze and develop their own theoretical frameworks to guide their practice. By recognizing the foundational beliefs that underpin nursing theories, students can better understand the rationale behind different approaches to patient care and adapt their practice accordingly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, Nurse Trish should avoid administering the morphine sulfate via the intramuscular (I.M) route to the client with a platelet count of 22,000/μl due to the risk of bleeding. Sickle cell disease and low platelet count increase the chances of bleeding complications. Intramuscular injections can lead to tissue trauma and potential bleeding, especially in patients with clotting issues. The other options are not the best choice for administering medications to this client as well, but they are safer than the I.M route in this situation. Subcutaneous (S.C) and intravenous (I.V) routes are preferred for patients with bleeding risks as they have a lower risk of causing bleeding complications compared to intramuscular injections. In an educational context, it is crucial for nursing students to understand the implications of different medication administration routes in patients with specific health conditions. This case highlights the importance of considering a patient's medical history, lab values, and potential complications when choosing the appropriate route for medication administration. Nurses must prioritize patient safety and make informed decisions to prevent adverse events.