Which condition or treatment reduces the risk of morbidity in women with the inherited factor V Leiden disorder?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Factor V Leiden is the most common inherited risk factor for primary or recurrent venous thromboembolism. It is an autosomal recessive disorder that increases an individual's risk for blood clots in the legs and pulmonary emboli. This risk significantly increases if the woman is pregnant or is taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. Prophylactic anticoagulation therapy decreases the risk of comorbidities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Most tests now offered are tests for single-gene disorders in clients with clinical symptoms or clients who have a family history of a genetic disease. Carrier screening is used to identify individuals who have a gene mutation for a genetic condition but do not display symptoms. Predictive value testing is used only to clarify the genetic status of asymptomatic family members. Predispositional testing differs from the other types of genetic screening in that a positive result does not indicate a 100% chance of developing the condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D, "Tell the client her questions are irrelevant," is the inappropriate action for the nurse to perform before beginning the health history interview. This response is incorrect because it undermines the client's concerns and disregards the importance of active listening and building a therapeutic relationship. Option A is correct as it demonstrates the nurse's willingness to listen to the client's concerns and shows empathy. Option B is appropriate as it sets a positive tone for the interaction, promoting trust and openness. Option C is also a crucial step as it helps create a conducive environment for the client to share information comfortably. In the context of maternal newborn nursing, establishing a trusting relationship with the client is essential for providing effective care. By showing respect, empathy, and active listening skills, the nurse can gather important information, address any concerns, and provide appropriate support during the maternal newborn healthcare journey. It is crucial for nurses to approach each interaction with sensitivity and professionalism to promote positive health outcomes for both the mother and newborn.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Climacteric. Ovarian function and hormone production decline during the climacteric phase, which is part of the menopausal transition in women. This phase marks the gradual decrease in ovarian function leading to the cessation of menstruation and reproductive ability. Option B) Menarche refers to the first menstrual period in girls, signifying the onset of puberty and reproductive capability. It is the beginning of the menstrual cycle, not a phase of decline in ovarian function. Option C) Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation, marking the end of the reproductive years. While ovarian function declines during menopause, the specific transitional phase characterized by this decline is the climacteric, not menopause itself. Option D) Puberty is the stage of development when adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction. It is characterized by the onset of secondary sexual characteristics and the maturation of the reproductive system, not the decline in ovarian function. Understanding the phases of ovarian function and hormone production in women is crucial for maternal newborn nurses as it impacts fertility, menopausal symptoms, and overall reproductive health of women. Recognizing the climacteric phase as the period of declining ovarian function can help nurses provide appropriate care and support to women experiencing menopausal transitions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Bony pelvis. During pregnancy, the bony pelvis plays a crucial role in providing protection to the pelvic structures and accommodating the growing fetus. The bony pelvis is made up of the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx, forming a sturdy and protective basin that houses the developing baby. Its shape and size are essential for ensuring a safe passage for the fetus during childbirth. Option A) Perineum is incorrect because while it is an important area anatomically related to childbirth, it does not provide the same level of structural support and protection as the bony pelvis. Option C) Vaginal vestibule is incorrect as it refers to the entrance of the vagina and does not have a direct role in protecting the pelvic structures during pregnancy. Option D) Fourchette is incorrect as it is a specific anatomical term referring to the posterior aspect of the vulva and is not directly involved in protecting the pelvic structures or accommodating the fetus. Understanding the role of the bony pelvis in pregnancy is crucial for maternal newborn nurses as it impacts their ability to assess and provide care to pregnant women. Knowledge of pelvic anatomy and its functions is essential for understanding the mechanics of childbirth and potential complications that may arise during labor and delivery.