Which condition might a 7-year-old client with tachypnea, afebrile status, and a nonproductive cough have?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acute asthma. A 7-year-old client with tachypnea, afebrile status, and a nonproductive cough is more likely to have acute asthma. Asthma commonly presents with these symptoms in children. Tachypnea is a common sign of asthma due to airway inflammation and narrowing. The absence of fever and productive cough makes bronchial pneumonia less likely. COPD and emphysema are typically seen in adults and are rare in children, making them incorrect choices for this age group and presentation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic obstructive bronchitis. A 56-year-old client with chronic cough, peripheral edema, and cyanotic nail beds likely has chronic obstructive bronchitis due to the presence of chronic cough and cyanosis, which are common symptoms. Peripheral edema can be seen in advanced stages. ARDS (choice A) is typically seen in acute conditions, not chronic. Asthma (choice B) usually presents with wheezing and shortness of breath, not peripheral edema. Emphysema (choice D) is characterized by shortness of breath and barrel chest, not peripheral edema or cyanosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Keep a closed sterile drainage system. This is crucial to prevent infection by maintaining a closed system, reducing the risk of introducing bacteria into the bladder. The closed system prevents ascending infection. Choice B is incorrect because routine catheter irrigation can introduce pathogens into the bladder. Choice C is incorrect because keeping the bag lower than the bed can lead to reflux of urine back into the bladder, increasing the risk of infection. Choice D is incorrect because while measuring intake and output is important for monitoring fluid balance, it is not a direct safety measure for catheter care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it follows the PES format, which stands for Problem (nursing diagnosis), Etiology (related factor), and Signs/Symptoms (defining characteristics). In this case, the Problem is "Self-esteem disturbance," the Etiology is "related to rejection by the husband," and the Signs/Symptoms are "manifested by crying and isolation." The other options do not follow the PES format correctly. A lacks defining characteristics, B does not have a clear related factor, and C does not have a problem clearly identified. Thus, D is the correct choice as it adheres to the PES structure for nursing diagnosis formulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gauge. The gauge refers to the thickness of the needle itself and is not a part of the needle. The hub is where the needle attaches to the syringe, the shaft is the long portion of the needle, and the bevel is the slanted tip for easier insertion. Gauge is a measurement of the needle's thickness and is not a physical component of the needle itself. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.