Which condition is the most life-threatening virus to the fetus and neonate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In maternal newborn nursing, understanding the impact of viral infections on the fetus and neonate is crucial. The correct answer is C) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) because it poses the most significant risk to both the fetus and neonate. HBV can be transmitted vertically from mother to baby during childbirth, leading to chronic infection in the newborn which can result in severe liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is typically a self-limiting illness and does not pose a significant risk to the fetus or neonate. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can be dangerous but is not as life-threatening to the fetus and neonate as HBV. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause serious complications in newborns, but it is not as immediately life-threatening as HBV. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the implications of maternal viral infections on the neonate to provide appropriate care and interventions. This knowledge allows nurses to educate pregnant women on preventive measures, such as vaccination, to reduce the risk of vertical transmission and protect the health of both the mother and the newborn.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The client in this scenario is most likely experiencing trichomoniasis, as indicated by the greenish, copious, and malodorous discharge with vulvar irritation. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, which typically presents with these specific symptoms. Bacterial vaginosis (Option A) is characterized by a fishy odor and thin, grayish-white discharge, not greenish and copious as seen in this case. Candidiasis (Option B) or a yeast infection (Option C) typically presents with a thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge, which contrasts with the symptoms described. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses specializing in maternal newborn nursing to be able to recognize the different presentations of common vaginal infections. Understanding the specific characteristics of each condition is essential for accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent potential complications, especially in pregnant individuals where untreated infections can pose risks to both the mother and the fetus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of providing eye prophylaxis to a term newborn, the correct infection control practice is to wear gloves (Option A). Wearing gloves is crucial to prevent the transmission of HIV and other blood-borne pathogens during the procedure. Gloves act as a barrier to protect both the healthcare provider and the newborn from potential exposure to infectious materials. Wearing mouth, nose, and eye protection (Option B) is not necessary for this specific procedure as the primary mode of transmission for blood-borne pathogens in this scenario is through direct contact with blood or bodily fluids. Wearing a mask (Option C) is also not required unless there is a risk of respiratory droplet transmission, which is not the case during eye prophylaxis administration. Washing the hands after medication administration (Option D) is a standard practice in infection control but is not sufficient on its own to prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens. While hand hygiene is important, wearing gloves provides an additional layer of protection that is essential when dealing with potentially infectious materials. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand and adhere to proper infection control practices to ensure the safety of both themselves and their patients. Emphasizing the correct use of personal protective equipment, such as gloves, in specific clinical scenarios like administering eye prophylaxis to newborns helps prevent the spread of infections and promotes a culture of safety in healthcare settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate response by the nurse is option B: "FAMs can be effective for many couples; however, they require motivation." This response is correct because it acknowledges that fertility awareness methods can indeed be effective when used correctly and consistently, but also highlights the importance of motivation and commitment from the couple. Option A is incorrect because it provides a blanket statement that FAMs are not very effective without considering individual circumstances and proper usage. Option C is incorrect as it oversimplifies the discussion by stating only a few advantages and several health risks without providing a comprehensive view. Option D is incorrect as it dismisses the couple's interest in FAMs and suggests a different method without exploring all available options. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to provide accurate and unbiased information to individuals seeking guidance on pregnancy prevention methods. By explaining the effectiveness of FAMs while also emphasizing the need for motivation, nurses empower couples to make informed decisions based on their unique needs and preferences. It is essential to respect individuals' choices and support them in selecting the most suitable method for their reproductive health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "The cervical cap can be safely used for repeated acts of intercourse without adding more spermicide later." This response is correct because the cervical cap can be left in place for up to 48 hours and can be used for multiple acts of intercourse within that time frame without needing to add more spermicide. This makes it a more convenient option for some women compared to the diaphragm. Option A is incorrect because both the cervical cap and diaphragm require the use of spermicide. Option B is incorrect because the diaphragm should not be left in place for more than 24 hours and must be used with spermicide each time intercourse occurs. Option C is incorrect as repeated intercourse with the diaphragm still requires adding more spermicide with each act. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the differences between various contraceptive methods to provide accurate information to clients. By knowing the specific features and usage instructions of each method, nurses can help clients make informed decisions based on their individual needs and preferences.