ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which condition is characterized by the narrowing or blockage of arteries that supply blood to the heart by plaque?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is characterized by the narrowing or blockage of arteries supplying blood to the heart by plaque buildup. Plaque consists of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances that can restrict blood flow to the heart, leading to various heart-related issues. Atherosclerosis (B) is the process of plaque buildup in arteries but is not specific to the heart. Peripheral artery disease (C) involves plaque buildup in arteries outside the heart. Congestive heart failure (D) is a condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, not directly related to plaque buildup in coronary arteries.
Question 2 of 5
What test measures the pressure inside the arteries as the heart pumps blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood pressure test. This test measures the pressure inside the arteries during the heart's pumping cycle. It assesses systolic and diastolic pressure, indicating the force exerted by blood on artery walls. Pulse oximetry (B) measures oxygen saturation, not arterial pressure. Echocardiogram (C) is an ultrasound that assesses heart structure and function, not arterial pressure. Spirometry (D) measures lung function, not arterial pressure. Therefore, the blood pressure test is the most relevant choice for assessing arterial pressure.
Question 3 of 5
What is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, usually in the legs, and can travel to the lungs, causing serious complications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, typically in the legs. These clots can dislodge and travel to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism. Choice B, pulmonary embolism, is a complication of DVT, not the initial condition. Varicose veins (C) are enlarged, twisted veins usually visible on the skin surface, not deep veins. Peripheral artery disease (D) involves narrowed arteries, not blood clots in veins.
Question 4 of 5
What type of medication is used to relax the muscles around the airways and improve breathing in conditions like asthma and COPD?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchodilator. Bronchodilators are used to relax the muscles around the airways, allowing them to open up and improve breathing in conditions like asthma and COPD. They work by widening the airways, making it easier to breathe. Corticosteroids (B) reduce inflammation, mucolytics (C) help loosen mucus, and antihistamines (D) are used for allergies and not specifically for relaxing muscles in the airways. Therefore, A is the correct choice for this question.
Question 5 of 5
What is a surgical procedure to remove one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lobectomy. A lobectomy involves the surgical removal of one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer localized in a specific lobe. This procedure allows for targeted removal of cancerous tissue while preserving the remaining healthy lung tissue. Explanation for other choices: B: Pneumonectomy - This involves the complete removal of an entire lung and is not specific to removing a lobe. C: Thoracotomy - This is a surgical incision into the chest, not specific to removing a lobe of the lung. D: Tracheostomy - This is a surgical procedure to create an opening in the neck to insert a tube into the trachea for breathing and is not related to removing a lobe of the lung.