ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which condition involves the body's immune system attacking the lungs and kidneys, causing severe respiratory and renal damage?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for A being correct: 1. Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disease where the body produces antibodies against collagen in the lungs and kidneys. 2. Antibodies attack the basement membrane of the lungs and kidneys, leading to severe respiratory and renal damage. 3. Symptoms include coughing up blood, difficulty breathing, and kidney failure. 4. Treatment involves immunosuppressive therapy and plasma exchange to remove harmful antibodies. Summary: - B: Sarcoidosis involves granulomas in multiple organs but typically not lung-kidney damage. - C: Wegener's granulomatosis affects the respiratory tract and kidneys but involves inflammation, not antibodies against collagen. - D: Interstitial lung disease is a broad term for various lung conditions but doesn't specifically involve the immune system attacking lungs and kidneys.
Question 2 of 5
What is a chronic condition where the bronchial tubes in the lungs become inflamed and narrowed, often caused by smoking?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes, often caused by smoking. This condition leads to persistent coughing and mucus production. Emphysema (B) is a separate condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, causing shortness of breath. Asthma (C) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and bronchospasms, triggered by various factors. Tuberculosis (D) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, causing symptoms like coughing up blood and weight loss. Chronic bronchitis specifically relates to the inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes due to smoking.
Question 3 of 5
What procedure uses a catheter to open up a blocked or narrowed coronary artery, often involving the placement of a stent?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Angioplasty. During angioplasty, a catheter with a balloon at its tip is inserted into the blocked or narrowed coronary artery to widen the artery and improve blood flow. This procedure often involves the placement of a stent to help keep the artery open. Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure compared to a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), which requires open-heart surgery. Echocardiogram and CT angiography are diagnostic imaging tests and do not involve the insertion of a catheter to treat a blocked or narrowed coronary artery.
Question 4 of 5
What is the procedure where a small mesh tube is inserted into an artery to keep it open after angioplasty?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stent placement. After angioplasty, a stent is inserted into the artery to prevent it from collapsing and keep it open. This procedure helps maintain blood flow and reduces the risk of blockages. Bypass surgery involves redirecting blood flow using a graft, not inserting a tube. Angioplasty is the initial procedure to open the blocked artery, not to keep it open. Valve replacement is a procedure for replacing damaged heart valves, not for arteries.
Question 5 of 5
What is the procedure where a device is used to shock the heart back into a normal rhythm during a life-threatening arrhythmia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Defibrillation is the correct answer as it is the procedure where an electrical device delivers a shock to the heart to restore normal rhythm during a life-threatening arrhythmia. This shock helps reset the heart's electrical activity. Cardioversion (B) is similar but used for less severe arrhythmias. Echocardiogram (C) is an imaging test to assess heart function, not a treatment. Ablation (D) is a procedure to destroy abnormal heart tissue causing arrhythmias but not used for immediate life-threatening situations like defibrillation.