Which condition in the newborn is most commonly associated with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a common respiratory condition in newborns characterized by rapid breathing. The correct answer is A) Cesarean section delivery. During a cesarean section, the newborn may not experience the usual squeezing of the chest that occurs during vaginal delivery, which helps to clear lung fluid. This can lead to retained lung fluid, causing TTN. Option B) Prematurity is often associated with respiratory distress syndrome, not TTN. Option C) Maternal diabetes is more closely linked to macrosomia and hypoglycemia in newborns. Option D) Intrauterine growth restriction may lead to other complications like hypoglycemia or polycythemia, but not typically TTN. In an educational context, understanding the risk factors for TTN is crucial for nurses caring for newborns. By knowing that cesarean section delivery can increase the likelihood of TTN, nurses can monitor newborns more closely for signs and symptoms, leading to early detection and intervention. This knowledge can improve patient outcomes and ensure quality care for newborns experiencing respiratory distress.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of a neonate born with a single umbilical artery, the most appropriate management is option B) Renal ultrasound. This is because a single umbilical artery is associated with congenital renal abnormalities, such as renal agenesis or dysplasia. A renal ultrasound can help in diagnosing any structural abnormalities in the kidneys or urinary system, allowing for early intervention and management to prevent potential complications. Option A) Cardiac ultrasound is not the most appropriate management for a single umbilical artery as the primary concern in this scenario is renal abnormalities, not cardiac issues. Option C) Close monitoring for developmental delays is not the immediate course of action as the focus should be on identifying and addressing any potential renal issues first. Option D) Folic acid supplementation is not directly related to the management of a single umbilical artery and its associated complications. In an educational context, understanding the link between a single umbilical artery and renal abnormalities is crucial for pediatric nurses. By knowing the appropriate management, nurses can ensure early detection and intervention, ultimately improving the long-term outcomes for neonates with this condition. It underscores the importance of thorough assessments and targeted interventions based on specific findings in neonatal care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In neonates with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), hypoglycemia is a common complication due to inadequate glycogen stores and limited fat reserves. This condition can result in neurological impairment and seizures if not promptly addressed. Hypoglycemia screening and management are crucial in these neonates to prevent adverse outcomes. Option A, hyperglycemia, is less likely in neonates with IUGR as they have limited glycogen stores and are at higher risk for hypoglycemia. Option C, polycythemia, can occur in IUGR neonates as a compensatory mechanism to improve oxygen delivery, but it is not as common as hypoglycemia in this population. Option D, hydrocephalus, is not typically associated with IUGR but may result from other causes like congenital malformations or infections. Educationally, understanding the common complications of IUGR in neonates is essential for nurses working in pediatric settings. Recognizing and managing hypoglycemia promptly can prevent long-term neurological consequences. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about the unique challenges faced by IUGR neonates to provide optimal care and improve outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric respiratory assessment, understanding common causes of jaundice in newborns is crucial for nurses. The correct answer is C) Physiological jaundice. This type of jaundice is the most common in newborns, occurring in about 50-60% of full-term babies and up to 80% of preterm infants. It is caused by the normal breakdown of red blood cells and the immature liver's inability to process bilirubin efficiently in the first few days of life. Option A) Breast milk jaundice is a benign condition that appears later in the first or second week of life and is not the most common cause of jaundice in newborns. Option B) Hemolytic disease usually occurs when there is Rh incompatibility between the mother and baby, leading to the destruction of the infant's red blood cells, resulting in jaundice. Option D) Infection can cause jaundice, but it is not the most common cause in newborns. Educationally, nurses must understand the difference between physiological jaundice and pathological causes of jaundice to provide appropriate care and education to families. It is vital to monitor bilirubin levels, assess for signs of jaundice, and differentiate between normal and abnormal jaundice to ensure the well-being of newborns.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a neonate diagnosed with hypocalcemia, the primary treatment is calcium supplementation (Option A). Calcium is essential for various physiological functions, including neuromuscular function, cardiac conduction, and bone formation. Neonates are particularly vulnerable to hypocalcemia due to factors such as immature parathyroid function or inadequate intake. Calcium supplementation is crucial to raise serum calcium levels promptly and prevent complications like seizures or tetany. Phosphate supplementation (Option B) is not the primary treatment for hypocalcemia and can even worsen calcium levels by further lowering them. Vitamin D supplementation (Option C) is essential for calcium absorption but does not directly address low calcium levels in hypocalcemia. Magnesium supplementation (Option D) may be necessary if hypomagnesemia coexists but is not the primary treatment for hypocalcemia. In an educational context, understanding the primary treatment for hypocalcemia in neonates is vital for nursing professionals caring for this vulnerable population. It ensures timely and appropriate intervention to prevent adverse outcomes associated with hypocalcemia. Nurses must be knowledgeable about neonatal conditions and their management to provide safe and effective care to neonates with complex health needs.