Which condition does the nurse suspect when a client blinks when asked a question and coughs when looked at?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tourette's disorder. In Tourette's disorder, clients exhibit involuntary motor and vocal tics, such as blinking and coughing. This is due to abnormal activity in the brain. Blinking and coughing in response to specific stimuli align with the characteristic symptoms of Tourette's. ODD (A) involves defiance and hostility, not tics. ASD (B) is characterized by social communication challenges, not tics. Conduct disorder (D) involves aggressive and antisocial behavior, not tics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it directly relates to a common symptom of ADHD, which is difficulty staying seated. This behavior is often observed in children with ADHD due to impulsivity and hyperactivity. Choice B is incorrect as it does not provide specific evidence of ADHD symptoms. Choice C is unrelated to ADHD symptoms and may indicate conduct issues. Choice D, while related to behavior, does not directly support a suspicion of ADHD as it does not mention any characteristic symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Tolerance. Tolerance refers to the need for a higher dose of a substance to achieve the same effect that was initially experienced at a lower dose. In the case of the 45-year-old male patient who increased his alcohol intake to achieve the desired effect, it indicates that his body has developed a tolerance to alcohol, requiring him to consume more to feel the same level of intoxication. Option A) Withdrawal is incorrect because withdrawal refers to the physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance they are dependent on, not when they increase their intake. Option C) Intoxication is incorrect because it refers to the state of being affected by a substance, not the need to increase intake to achieve the desired effect. Option D) Psychological dependence is incorrect because it refers to the emotional or mental reliance on a substance, not the need to increase intake due to tolerance. In an educational context, understanding the concept of tolerance is crucial for nurses working with patients with substance-related disorders. It helps caregivers recognize when a patient may be developing a tolerance to a substance, which can have implications for their treatment plan and overall care. By accurately identifying tolerance, healthcare professionals can provide appropriate interventions and support to help patients manage their substance use effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Adventitious. In this scenario, the sexual attack experienced by the 18-year-old female is an example of an adventitious crisis. An adventitious crisis is an unexpected event that is outside of the individual's control, such as accidents, natural disasters, or crimes like rape. These crises are not a normal part of development or internal to the individual. Option A) Situational crises typically arise from events that are anticipated but still cause significant stress. In this case, the sexual attack was not anticipated or within the individual's control, making it adventitious rather than situational. Option C) Developmental crises occur as a result of normal life transitions or milestones. The trauma of a sexual attack does not align with the typical progression of developmental crises. Option D) Internal crises stem from within the individual, such as mental health issues or personal conflicts. The sexual attack in this situation was an external event, not originating from the individual herself. Educationally, understanding the types of crises is crucial in the field of public health, especially when considering interventions and support for individuals experiencing trauma. Recognizing the nature of a crisis helps in providing appropriate and effective assistance to those in need. By categorizing crises correctly, public health professionals can tailor interventions to address the specific challenges posed by different types of crises.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Advocacy. Advocacy involves actively supporting a cause or idea to bring about change. In this case, the nurses are advocating for the rights and care of persons diagnosed with mental illness by writing letters to oppose the legislation that reduces funding for their care. Option A) Recovery is incorrect because it refers to the process of individuals with mental illness reclaiming their lives and roles beyond their condition, not the nurses' action in this situation. Option B) Attending is incorrect as it typically refers to being present or participating in an event or activity, which is not reflective of the nurses' action of writing letters to oppose the legislation. Option D) Evidence-based practice is incorrect in this context as it pertains to making informed decisions based on the best available evidence, which is not directly related to the nurses' advocacy efforts in response to the funding reduction. Educationally, understanding the role of advocacy in public health is crucial for healthcare professionals. Advocacy empowers individuals and communities to address health disparities, promote health equity, and influence policies that impact public health outcomes. By engaging in advocacy efforts, healthcare professionals can act as change agents to improve the health and well-being of the populations they serve.