Which condition does the nurse identify as a late manifestation of hypokalemia?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Palpitations are a late manifestation of hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood. Potassium plays a vital role in maintaining normal heart function. When potassium levels are low, it can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, including palpitations. Other symptoms of hypokalemia, such as muscle weakness, lethargy, and even hypotension, may be present before palpitations occur. Therefore, palpitations are considered a late manifestation of hypokalemia that signals significant potassium depletion and should be addressed promptly to prevent serious cardiac complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Clopidogrel is a drug that has a therapeutic effect in preventing thromboembolic events. It is an antiplatelet agent that works by inhibiting platelet aggregation, thus reducing the risk of blood clot formation. Clopidogrel is commonly used in patients at risk for cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that also helps prevent blood clots, but it works by a different mechanism than clopidogrel. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and angina, while nitroglycerine is a vasodilator used in the treatment of angina.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Codeine sulfate is an opioid medication commonly used to relieve pain. However, one of the most common side effects associated with the use of opioids like codeine is constipation. Opioids slow down gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation in many patients. It is important for healthcare providers to educate patients about this side effect and recommend measures to prevent or manage constipation, such as increasing fluid and fiber intake, exercise, and in some cases, the use of stool softeners or laxatives.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a severe and potentially life-threatening adverse reaction associated with the use of Furosemide, a loop diuretic. It is characterized by a severe skin reaction that can cause rashes, blisters, and mucous membrane involvement. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate discontinuation of the offending medication. Monitoring and management should be promptly initiated to prevent serious complications. Other side effects of Furosemide include electrolyte imbalances, ototoxicity, and dehydration, but Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a particularly serious adverse reaction that requires immediate attention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A severe adverse effect of iron is the development of iron toxicity, which can lead to symptoms such as seizures. Iron toxicity can occur when there is an excessive accumulation of iron in the body, usually from overdose or prolonged use of iron supplements. Symptoms of iron toxicity can range from mild to severe, with seizures being a serious and potentially life-threatening complication. It is important to seek medical help immediately if symptoms of iron toxicity, including seizures, occur.