ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which condition can be fully compensated for with regards to pH?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis can be fully compensated by renal mechanisms adjusting HCO3-.
Question 2 of 5
Which is the most appropriate indication for parenteral nutrition (PN)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is indicated when the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used effectively, such as in ileus, which is a prolonged cessation of bowel motility. Severe anorexia, lack of bowel sounds, and high GRV may not necessarily preclude enteral nutrition attempts.
Question 3 of 5
A 45-year-old woman with a history of celiac disease and alcoholism is admitted to the ICU. There is no evidence of significant acute or chronic blood loss. Her hematocrit is 30%, hemoglobin is 9 g/L, and mean corpuscular volume is 105 fL. Her serum methylmalonic acid concentration is within normal limits, and her serum homocysteine concentration is elevated. Serum ferritin is within normal limits. Which does this patient most likely has a deficiency of?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated homocysteine with normal methylmalonic acid and macrocytic anemia (MCV 105 fL) suggest folic acid deficiency, common in alcoholism and celiac disease, rather than vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency, which would elevate both markers.
Question 4 of 5
Cell volume (and therefore cell function) in most cells is dependent upon careful regulation of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osmolarity of extracellular fluid determines water movement into or out of cells via osmosis, affecting cell volume and function.
Question 5 of 5
Kidneys regulate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kidneys primarily regulate water loss through urine concentration, not water gain, which depends on intake.