Which conclusion is made by a nurse who admits a client receiving patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after surgery?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because administering PCA allows the client to self-administer pain medication within predetermined safety limits, promoting autonomy and timely pain relief. Choice B is incorrect as the amount of medication is preset by healthcare providers to prevent overdose. Choice C is incorrect as PCA involves controlled, consistent dosages. Choice D is incorrect as the nurse still monitors the client's pain levels and response to medication despite self-administration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Brain. The brain is located in the cranial cavity, which is the part of the skull that houses the brain. It is protected by the skull bones and plays a central role in controlling various bodily functions. The thymus (A) is located in the chest, the liver (B) is located in the abdominal cavity, and the parathyroid gland (D) is located in the neck. Therefore, the brain is the only organ among the options that is situated in the cranial cavity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing protection and waterproofing. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. The hypodermis is not a main layer of the skin but rather a subcutaneous layer of fat beneath the dermis. Dermis and hypodermis do not make up the two main layers of the skin. Therefore, option A is correct as it accurately identifies the two main layers of the skin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because wearing sunscreen protects the skin from harmful UV rays, avoiding smoking prevents premature aging and skin damage, and eating a healthy diet provides essential nutrients for skin health. Each choice plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin by addressing different aspects such as protection, prevention, and nourishment. Therefore, incorporating all three practices together ensures comprehensive care for the skin. Choices A, B, and C individually contribute to skin health, but only choosing all of the above covers all necessary measures for optimal skin care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because an elevated CEA level after completing chemotherapy for colorectal cancer indicates the possibility of residual or recurrent tumor. CEA is a tumor marker that can indicate the presence of cancer cells in the body. Elevated levels post-chemotherapy could suggest that not all cancer cells were eliminated, leading to the potential for a recurrence. Choice A is incorrect because an elevated CEA level does not definitively mean the patient is cured. Choice C is incorrect as chemotherapy typically targets cancer cells and not the liver itself. Choice D is incorrect since an elevated CEA level does not indicate the need for isolation but rather further investigation for potential tumor recurrence.