Which component of blood has proteins that function primarily as immunologic agents that prevent or modify some types of infectious diseases?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this Hematology NCLEX question, the correct answer is C) Leukocytes. Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, play a crucial role in the immune system. Specifically, they contain proteins that function as immunologic agents to prevent or modify infectious diseases. These proteins include antibodies, cytokines, and other molecules that help the body fight off pathogens. Option A) Plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances like nutrients, hormones, and waste products. While plasma does contain some proteins involved in immunity, it is not the primary site for immunologic agents in blood. Option B) Erythrocytes are red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport in the body. They do not have a significant role in immune defense and lack the proteins necessary for immunologic functions. Option D) Platelets are cell fragments essential for blood clotting. They are not involved in immune responses and do not contain proteins that function primarily as immunologic agents. Understanding the role of different blood components is vital for healthcare professionals, especially in scenarios where assessing immune function is crucial. Recognizing the specific functions of leukocytes in immunity can guide clinical decision-making and patient care effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Bleeding gums and dark, tarry stools. When a client is prescribed medications that depress thrombocytes (platelets), it puts them at risk for bleeding due to decreased clotting ability. Bleeding gums and dark, tarry stools are indicative of internal bleeding, a common manifestation of thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). Option A) Sore throat is incorrect because it is not a typical sign of thrombocytopenia. Platelet suppression does not directly cause a sore throat. Option C) Pernicious anemia is unrelated to thrombocytopenia. Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, not platelet suppression. Option D) Thickening of blood is not a common sign of decreased platelets. In fact, a low platelet count often leads to bleeding tendencies due to impaired clotting, not thickening of blood. Educationally, understanding the effects of thrombocyte suppression is crucial for nurses to recognize and manage potential complications in patients. Monitoring for signs of bleeding, such as bleeding gums and dark, tarry stools, is essential for early detection and intervention to prevent serious consequences like hemorrhage. Nurses must be vigilant in assessing patients on thrombocyte-depressing medications to ensure timely and appropriate care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In hematology, understanding the need for iron at different life stages is crucial for providing optimal care. The correct answer to the question, "What is the period in life when the need for iron increases?" is A) Pregnancy. During pregnancy, the body's demand for iron significantly rises to support the developing fetus and increased blood volume in the mother. Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to both the mother and the baby. Infancy (Option B) is a period of life where there is also an increased need for iron due to rapid growth and development. However, the most critical period for increased iron requirements is during pregnancy. Old age (Option C) is not typically associated with an increased need for iron. In fact, iron overload can be a concern in the elderly population due to age-related conditions and diseases. Male reproductive years (Option D) do not inherently lead to an increased need for iron unless there are specific health conditions present that may cause iron deficiency. Educationally, understanding the nuances of iron requirements at different life stages is essential for healthcare professionals working in hematology and obstetrics. By recognizing the specific periods of increased need for iron, practitioners can effectively assess, diagnose, and treat patients to promote optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In hematology, severe and extensive hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells at an accelerated rate, leading to various complications. The correct answer is B) Shock. When red blood cells are destroyed rapidly, it can overwhelm the body's ability to compensate, leading to a drop in blood pressure and inadequate tissue perfusion, resulting in shock. Option A) Leg ulcers are more commonly associated with conditions like peripheral arterial disease or venous insufficiency rather than hemolysis. Option C) Priapism, a persistent and painful erection, is typically linked to conditions affecting blood flow in the penis, such as sickle cell disease, but not directly related to hemolysis. Option D) Compromised growth is not a direct consequence of hemolysis but can occur in conditions like thalassemia where chronic anemia affects overall development. Educationally, understanding the complications of hemolysis is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to assess and manage patients with conditions like autoimmune hemolytic anemia or transfusion reactions. Recognizing the signs of shock in hemolytic conditions is vital for prompt intervention and preventing further deterioration in patients. This knowledge ensures comprehensive care and improves patient outcomes in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In polycythemia vera, there is an overproduction of red blood cells, leading to increased risk of thrombus formation. Choosing option C, advising the client to drink 3 quarts of fluid per day, is the most appropriate intervention to decrease this risk. Adequate hydration helps prevent blood from becoming too viscous, reducing the likelihood of clot formation. Option A, teaching isometric exercises, is not directly related to decreasing thrombus formation in polycythemia vera. Isometric exercises may help with muscle strength but do not address the primary concern of blood clot risk. Option B, using thromboembolic stockings or support hose, is more commonly used for conditions like deep vein thrombosis to improve circulation. While it may have some benefit, it is not as effective as ensuring adequate hydration in polycythemia vera. Option D, instructing the client to rest immediately if chest pain develops, is important for suspected cardiac issues but does not address the prevention of thrombus formation in polycythemia vera. Educationally, it's crucial to understand the rationale behind interventions to provide optimal care for clients with hematologic disorders. Emphasizing the importance of hydration in preventing complications like thrombus formation can lead to better outcomes for patients with polycythemia vera.