Which complication could occur as a result of percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and maternal monitoring during labor, it is crucial to understand the potential complications associated with percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS). The correct answer is B) Fetal bradycardia. PUBS, a procedure where a sample of fetal blood is taken from the umbilical cord, carries a risk of causing fetal bradycardia due to the invasive nature of the procedure. Fetal bradycardia is a serious concern during labor as it can indicate fetal distress and compromise the baby's well-being. Option A) Postdates pregnancy is incorrect as it refers to a term used to describe a pregnancy that has exceeded the expected due date, which is unrelated to PUBS. Option C) Placenta previa is incorrect as it is a condition where the placenta partially or wholly covers the cervix, leading to potential complications during labor, but it is not directly associated with PUBS. Option D) Uterine rupture is incorrect as it is a rare but serious complication during labor where the uterus tears open, usually along a previous cesarean scar, and is not directly related to PUBS. Understanding these potential complications of PUBS is essential for healthcare providers involved in maternal monitoring during labor to make informed decisions and provide optimal care for both the mother and the baby. It highlights the importance of weighing the benefits of the procedure against the associated risks to ensure the safety and well-being of both patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct response, "Would you please describe what you felt for me?" is appropriate because it allows the nurse to gather more information from the patient. As a healthcare provider, it's crucial to actively listen to patients and gather detailed information to provide appropriate care. By asking the patient to describe what she felt, the nurse can assess if the sensations align with fetal movement or if there may be other explanations for the sensation. Option A, "That is very exciting. The baby must be very healthy," is incorrect because it assumes the sensation felt by the patient is definitely fetal movement without further assessment. This response lacks critical thinking and may lead to misinformation or missed opportunities for proper evaluation. Option C, "That is impossible. The baby is not big enough yet," is incorrect as it dismisses the patient's experience and can make the patient feel invalidated. It's important to acknowledge and explore the patient's concerns respectfully. Option D, "Would you please let me see if I can feel the baby?" is incorrect because at 10 weeks gestation, it is unlikely for healthcare providers to feel the baby externally. This response demonstrates a lack of knowledge regarding fetal development and may cause unnecessary confusion for the patient. In an educational context, this scenario highlights the importance of effective communication, active listening, and evidence-based practice in maternity care. Nurses should always strive to gather accurate information from patients, validate their experiences, and provide appropriate support and guidance based on clinical knowledge and assessment skills.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) The woman diagnosed with phenylketonuria. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid found in protein-containing foods. If not managed properly, PKU can lead to serious health complications, especially during pregnancy. Nutrition counseling is crucial for a woman with PKU because she needs to follow a strict low-phenylalanine diet to prevent harm to both herself and the developing fetus. Failure to adhere to this diet can result in intellectual disabilities, growth retardation, and other complications in the unborn child. The other options (B, C, D) do not require immediate nutrition counseling during pregnancy. While women with Graves’ disease, Cushing’s syndrome, or myasthenia gravis may have specific dietary needs or considerations, they do not have the same level of urgency as a woman with PKU. Educationally, understanding the importance of nutrition counseling in specific maternal conditions is vital for nurses to provide targeted and effective care during pregnancy. This case highlights the significance of individualized care based on a client's health history and conditions to promote optimal maternal and fetal outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Human placental lactogen. During pregnancy, the placenta secretes human placental lactogen (hPL), which plays a crucial role in altering maternal metabolism to support the growing fetus. The glucose challenge screening test is performed to assess maternal physiological response to hPL, specifically looking for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a condition where the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the extra demands of pregnancy. Option A) Estrogen is incorrect because while estrogen levels increase during pregnancy and have various roles, it is not directly related to the glucose challenge screening test. Option B) Progesterone is incorrect as well. Progesterone, another hormone essential for maintaining pregnancy, is not the hormone assessed through the glucose challenge screening test. Option D) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is also incorrect. While hCG is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests and plays a role in early pregnancy, it is not the hormone targeted in the glucose challenge screening test. Educationally, understanding the role of various hormones in pregnancy and their impact on maternal health is essential in pharmacology and obstetric care. By knowing which hormone is being assessed in specific tests like the glucose challenge screening, healthcare providers can effectively monitor and manage the health of pregnant individuals to ensure the best outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Evening primrose oil is suggested to pregnant women due to its ability to ripen the cervix, making it more favorable for the onset of labor. The correct answer is C) Ripen the cervix. Evening primrose oil contains prostaglandins that can help soften and ripen the cervix, potentially aiding in the progression of labor. Option A) Relieve back strain is incorrect as evening primrose oil is not typically used for this purpose during pregnancy. Option B) Improve development of colostrum is also incorrect as evening primrose oil is not known to have a direct impact on colostrum production. Option D) Reduce the incidence of hemorrhoids is incorrect as well, as evening primrose oil is not specifically indicated for this purpose. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals to understand the potential uses and effects of complementary therapies like evening primrose oil during pregnancy. By knowing the actions and indications of such supplements, midwives and nurses can provide evidence-based recommendations to support maternal health and well-being during labor and delivery.