ATI RN
Basic Nursing Care of the Patient Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which complex, interval, or segment of an electrocardiogram tracing represents the early part of ventricular repolarization?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ST segment. The ST segment on an ECG tracing represents the early part of ventricular repolarization. It begins at the end of the QRS complex and ends at the beginning of the T wave. This segment reflects the time when the ventricles are preparing to relax and reset for the next cycle. The PR interval (B) represents the time for the electrical impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles. The QT interval (C) represents the total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization. The QRS complex (D) represents ventricular depolarization.
Question 2 of 5
You are called to assist a 20-year-old male for a severe headache. On-scene, you learn the patient was involved in an accident that caused a potential closed head injury. However, at the time of the accident, the patient refused EMS care, stating he felt fine. Today, he is experiencing headache, confusion, and visual disturbances. Which of the following injuries is most likely to cause this type presentation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Subdural hematoma. A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid mater layers of the meninges. This type of injury typically occurs due to acceleration-deceleration forces causing tearing of bridging veins, common in closed head injuries. The symptoms described (headache, confusion, visual disturbances) are consistent with the presentation of a subdural hematoma. Other choices are less likely: A) Coup-contra-coup injury involves impact forces causing brain injury at the site of impact and opposite side, typically seen in motor vehicle accidents. B) Diffuse axonal injury is caused by shearing forces leading to widespread damage throughout the brain, often resulting in a comatose state. D) Epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the dura mater and the skull, usually due to arterial bleeding, and is more commonly associated with a lucid interval followed by rapid deterioration, but
Question 3 of 5
The primary indication for transferring a patient to a higher level trauma center is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the transferring doctor is in the best position to assess the patient's needs and resources available. This ensures appropriate care and resources are available for the patient's condition. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on staff availability rather than patient needs. Choice B is incorrect as it only addresses specific injuries, not overall care needs. Choice D is incorrect as hospital administration may not have the medical expertise to determine appropriate care for the patient.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning Rh-isoimmunization in the pregnant trauma patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Answer C being FALSE: A negative Kleihauer-Betke test does not exclude Rh-isoimmunization. The test measures the amount of fetal red blood cells in the maternal circulation, but may not always detect small amounts of fetal-maternal hemorrhage. Rh-isoimmunization can still occur even if the Kleihauer-Betke test is negative. Summary of other choices: A: True - Rh-isoimmunization can occur in both blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma. B: True - Even minor degrees of fetomaternal hemorrhage can lead to Rh-isoimmunization. D: False - Rh-isoimmunization can be a problem in both Rh-positive and Rh-negative pregnant trauma patients.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding shock in the child, which of the following is FALSE?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the statement is false. Children have a smaller blood volume than adults, so the absolute volume of blood loss required to produce shock in children is lower than in adults. A: Vital signs are age-related as children have different normal ranges compared to adults. B: Children actually have lesser physiologic reserves than adults. C: Tachycardia is a common response to hypovolemia, not hypervolemia.