ATI RN
Adaptive Immune System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which complement components are primarily involved in Type III hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: C3a and C5a. In Type III hypersensitivity reactions, immune complexes form and deposit in tissues, leading to complement activation. C3a and C5a are anaphylatoxins released during complement activation, causing inflammation and tissue damage in Type III hypersensitivity. Rationale: A: C1 and C4 are primarily involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions. C: C5b and C6 are part of the membrane attack complex in the classical pathway of complement activation, not specific to Type III hypersensitivity. D: C2 and C7 are involved in the classical pathway of complement activation but not directly implicated in Type III hypersensitivity reactions.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client for signs and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following would be consistent with this disorder? (Select one that does not apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Discoid rash on skin exposed to sunlight. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) commonly presents with a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash on the face, especially over the cheeks and nose, that worsens with sunlight exposure. The rash is not limited to skin exposed to sunlight. Choices B, C, and D are inconsistent with SLE. B: Urinalysis negative for casts and protein is not indicative of SLE, as renal involvement in SLE often presents with the presence of casts and protein in the urine. C: Painful, deformed small joints is more typical of rheumatoid arthritis, not SLE. D: Pain on inspiration is a symptom of pleurisy, which can occur in SLE but is not a defining feature.
Question 3 of 5
CD8+ T cells
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
APECED is a rare autoimmune disease caused by deficiency of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: AIRE. APECED (Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy) is caused by mutations in the AIRE gene. AIRE is responsible for regulating the expression of self-antigens in the thymus, crucial for the development of immune tolerance. Deficiency in AIRE leads to the production of autoantibodies and autoimmune manifestations. Incorrect options: A: CTLA-4 is involved in downregulating immune responses but is not directly linked to APECED. C: Tregs (regulatory T cells) play a role in immune tolerance, but APECED is not directly caused by their deficiency. D: TGF-β is a cytokine involved in immune regulation, but its deficiency does not lead to APECED.
Question 5 of 5
Viral antigenic shift
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Viral antigenic shift involves major changes in the surface proteins of the virus, particularly the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Step 2: These changes result in the emergence of new variants that are not recognized by preexisting antibodies. Step 3: This process is distinct from antigenic drift, which involves minor changes due to random mutations. Step 4: Choice D correctly states that viral antigenic shift refers to the appearance of new HA variants not recognized by preexisting antibodies. Summary: Choice A is incorrect because viral antigenic shift is not caused by multiple random mutations. Choice B is incorrect as antigenic shift involves major changes, not a single mutation. Choice C is incorrect as it affects surface proteins like HA, not just internal proteins.