Which community health nursing activity demonstrates tertiary prevention related to mental health?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because providing case management services that link clients with serious mental illnesses to mental health and community support services is an example of tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and reducing the impact of established conditions. By linking clients with mental illnesses to necessary support services, the aim is to prevent further deterioration of their mental health and improve their overall well-being. A: Disseminating information about mental health to community organizations is more aligned with primary prevention, aiming to prevent the onset of mental health issues. B: Partnering with PHNs for early identification of children with mental health challenges is related to secondary prevention, focusing on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of mental health issues. D: Screening clients at high risk for mental disorders is also an example of secondary prevention, aimed at early detection and intervention before the onset of serious mental health issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluation phase. During the evaluation phase, the CHN assesses the effectiveness of interventions in achieving the desired outcome of increasing the proportion of pregnant women receiving first-trimester prenatal care to at least 90%. This phase involves systematically collecting and analyzing data to determine if the interventions are successful. In contrast, the assessment phase (choice A) focuses on gathering information about the community's health needs, planning phase (choice B) involves developing strategies to address those needs, and implementation phase (choice C) is about putting the planned interventions into action. Therefore, the evaluation phase is the most appropriate stage to determine the success of the interventions in reaching the specified goal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because starting a rehabilitation clinic for middle-aged adults residing in low-income housing represents secondary prevention. This service aims to detect and treat health issues early to prevent the progression of diseases. It focuses on individuals who already have risk factors or early signs of a disease. Administering the influenza vaccine (A) is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent the initial occurrence of a disease. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program (B) falls under primary prevention as well, aiming to prevent injuries. Setting up a support group for teenage mothers (D) is more of a tertiary prevention approach, focusing on managing and improving outcomes for individuals already affected by a condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because health inequities refer to unjust and avoidable disparities in health outcomes that are rooted in social injustices. This definition highlights the importance of taking reasonable actions to address these disparities, such as ensuring access to healthcare and addressing social determinants of health. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the accumulation of factors leading to poor health, which is more aligned with the concept of health determinants. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests that individuals are solely responsible for their health outcomes, ignoring systemic factors. Choice D is incorrect as it only mentions variations in health status without emphasizing the unfairness and avoidability of these differences.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because reflecting on personal beliefs helps the CHN understand their own cultural biases and how they may affect interactions with diverse populations. This self-awareness is crucial for developing cultural competence. Choice A is incorrect as a survey alone does not promote self-reflection. Choice C may provide exposure to another culture, but it doesn't directly address the CHN's own cultural awareness. Choice D focuses on studying others' cultures rather than reflecting on one's own beliefs, missing the crucial aspect of self-awareness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Health promotion is distinct from health protection because it focuses on empowering individuals to have increased control over factors influencing their health. This includes education, lifestyle changes, and creating supportive environments. Choice A is incorrect as quality of care is not the primary focus of health promotion. Choice C is incorrect as health promotion is not limited to the delivery of care by healthcare providers. Choice D is incorrect as health promotion is broader than just social marketing campaigns, encompassing a range of strategies to improve health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because health promotion in Canada focuses on addressing factors that influence health at the population level, known as determinants of health. This approach is more comprehensive and sustainable compared to focusing solely on individual health status (choice D). Achieving consensus on community health needs (choice A) is important but not the primary focus of health promotion. Dictating interventions based on government priorities (choice C) does not align with the principles of health promotion, which emphasize equity and empowerment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Community capacity building involves empowering communities to identify and address their own needs. Option C, obtaining sustainable financial resources, is a key feature as it enables communities to fund projects and initiatives independently. This increases their autonomy and sustainability. Asking why (Option A) is a critical thinking skill but not a specific feature of capacity building. Assessing the status quo (Option B) is important for understanding current community strengths and weaknesses but does not necessarily build capacity. Ensuring government involvement (Option D) is beneficial but not a defining feature of community capacity building, as true empowerment comes from community-led initiatives.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because limited knowledge can lead to pregnancy complications in pregnant adolescents. Having adequate knowledge about prenatal care, nutrition, and potential risks is crucial for ensuring a healthy pregnancy. Incorrect choices: A: Not all adolescent pregnancies are high risk. Risk factors vary based on individual circumstances. C: While some pregnant adolescents may struggle with proper nutrition, it is not a general rule. D: Socioeconomic status can influence health outcomes, but it is not the most important factor in caring for pregnant adolescents.