ATI RN
Cardiovascular Conditions Pediatrics Test Bank Questions Free Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which comment made by a parent of a 1-month-old infant would alert the nurse about the presence of a congenital heart defect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) “He tires out during feedings.” This statement is indicative of a potential congenital heart defect in a 1-month-old infant because infants with heart defects may have difficulty feeding due to decreased cardiac output and increased energy expenditure during feeding. This can lead to fatigue and tiring out easily during feeding sessions. Option A) “He is always hungry” is incorrect because increased hunger is not typically associated with congenital heart defects in infants. Option C) “He is fussy for several hours every day” is incorrect as fussiness alone is a common behavior in infants and not specific to heart defects. Option D) “He sleeps all the time” is also incorrect as newborns typically sleep for extended periods, and this behavior alone is not a reliable indicator of a congenital heart defect. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects in infants is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide early detection and intervention. Recognizing feeding difficulties and fatigue during feeding can prompt further assessment and referral for appropriate diagnostic testing and treatment, ultimately improving outcomes for infants with heart defects.
Question 2 of 5
A male client with heart failure (HF) calls the clinic and reports that he cannot put his shoes on because they are too tight. Which additional information should the nurse obtain?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Has his weight changed in the last several days? The nurse should obtain information about the client's weight changes because in heart failure, sudden weight gain can be indicative of fluid retention, a common symptom of worsening HF. Monitoring weight is crucial in managing HF as it helps in assessing fluid status and adjusting medications accordingly to prevent exacerbations. Option A) What time did he take his last medications? While medication adherence is important, in this case, the client's symptom is more indicative of fluid retention rather than medication timing. Option C) Is he still able to tighten his belt buckle? This option is not directly related to the symptom of tight shoes and does not provide relevant information about the client's current condition. Option D) How many hours did he sleep last night? While sleep is important, it is not the priority in this situation where the client is experiencing symptoms of possible fluid retention. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and assessing symptoms of heart failure exacerbation, emphasizing the significance of monitoring weight changes in HF patients as part of their ongoing care and management.
Question 3 of 5
What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the teaching plan for a client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), including information on minimizing symptoms by wearing loose, comfortable clothing (option C) is crucial because tight clothing can exacerbate GERD symptoms by putting pressure on the abdomen and lower esophageal sphincter. Option A, sleeping without pillows at night to maintain neck alignment, is incorrect for GERD management because elevating the head of the bed is recommended to prevent acid reflux. Option B, adjusting food intake to three full meals per day and no snacks, is incorrect as it goes against the dietary recommendations for GERD, which include having smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding triggers like spicy foods and caffeine. Option D, avoiding participation in any aerobic exercise programs, is also incorrect as regular exercise is beneficial for managing GERD by promoting weight loss and reducing stress. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind lifestyle modifications for GERD is essential for nurses to provide comprehensive patient education and promote optimal management of the condition. By explaining the impact of clothing choices on GERD symptoms, nurses can empower clients to make informed decisions to improve their quality of life.
Question 4 of 5
A male client who had colon surgery 3 days ago is anxious and requesting assistance to reposition. While the nurse is turning him, the wound dehiscences and eviscerates. The nurse moistens an available sterile dressing and places it over the wound. What intervention should the nurse implement next?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct intervention is to prepare the client to return to the operating room (Option B). When a wound dehiscence occurs with evisceration, it is a surgical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications such as infection, further tissue damage, or potential sepsis. Returning the client to the operating room allows for proper assessment, wound closure, and management by the surgical team. Option A (Bring additional sterile dressing supplies to the room) is incorrect because just applying more dressings without addressing the underlying surgical emergency is inadequate and may delay appropriate treatment. Option C (Obtain a sample of the drainage to send to the lab) is also incorrect as it focuses on collecting a sample rather than addressing the immediate surgical issue. Option D (Auscultate the abdomen for bowel sound activity) is not the priority in this critical situation where prompt surgical intervention is required. From an educational perspective, this scenario highlights the importance of recognizing and responding to postoperative complications promptly in a healthcare setting. Nurses need to be trained to identify surgical emergencies like wound dehiscence and evisceration and understand the appropriate steps to take to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes. This case underscores the critical nature of surgical wound care and the necessity of immediate action when faced with such complications in a clinical setting.
Question 5 of 5
A client with Cushing's syndrome is recovering from an elective laparoscopic procedure. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of a client with Cushing's syndrome recovering from surgery, the immediate intervention warranted by the nurse is an irregular apical pulse, which is the correct answer (Option A). Cushing's syndrome is characterized by excess cortisol levels, which can lead to cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, fluid retention, and electrolyte imbalances. An irregular apical pulse could indicate cardiac arrhythmias or other cardiovascular issues that require prompt attention to prevent further complications or deterioration. Option B, purple marks on the skin of the abdomen (Cushing's striae), while associated with Cushing's syndrome, are not typically urgent or indicative of immediate complications post-surgery. Option C, a quarter-size blood spot on the dressing, may indicate some bleeding but is not as critical as a cardiac issue in this scenario. Option D, pitting ankle edema, is a common finding in both Cushing's syndrome and postoperative patients due to fluid retention, but it is not as urgent as addressing a potential cardiac problem. Educationally, understanding the specific manifestations of Cushing's syndrome, the postoperative care considerations for this population, and the prioritization of assessments based on potential complications are crucial for nurses caring for these patients. Recognizing the significance of cardiovascular assessments in high-risk patients like those with Cushing's syndrome can help prevent adverse events and promote better outcomes.