Which comment by a mother during a family therapy session shows evidence of scapegoating?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Scapegoating is blaming family problems on a member of the family who is not very powerful. The purpose of the blaming is to keep the focus off painful issues and off the blamers themselves. A double-bind message, such as We all express our feelings openly except when, involves giving instructions that are inherently contradictory or that place the person in a no-win situation. Our oldest child knows that is an example oftriangulation, wherein a third party is engaged to help stabilize an unstable pair within the family. A child assuming parental responsibilities (e.g., caring for siblings) because a parent fails to do so is an example of enabling.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care in nursing, understanding the exosystem level is crucial as it involves external environments that indirectly impact individuals and families. The correct option, D) Availability of public transport for access to jobs, schools, etc., is essential to consider at the exosystem level. This is because transportation plays a significant role in accessing healthcare services, employment opportunities, educational facilities, and other resources that can directly influence a family's well-being. Option A) Social network linkages of school, health & church, while important, falls more under the microsystem level where direct interactions and relationships occur. Option B) Access to work and C) Access to affordable housing are factors that are significant but are more associated with the macrosystem level where cultural values, laws, and economic policies impact individuals and families on a broader scale. Educationally, understanding the exosystem level in family-centered care helps nurses recognize the external factors that can influence a family's health and well-being. By considering factors such as public transport availability, nurses can better assess and address the social determinants of health that may impact the families they work with, ultimately leading to more holistic and effective care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care in nursing, understanding the ecosystems perspective is crucial for effectively working with families. The seven major concepts of the ecosystems perspective include habitat, a niche, life stress, family roles, family functions, adaptation, and holistic care. The correct answer, D) Socioeconomic status, is not one of the seven major concepts of the ecosystems perspective. While socioeconomic status is undoubtedly important in understanding a family's circumstances, it is not a core concept within the ecosystems perspective framework. Option A) Habitat refers to the physical environment where the family lives and interacts. Option B) A niche refers to the specific role or function of an individual or family within their environment. Option C) Life stress recognizes the impact of stressors on the family system and its members. Educationally, knowing the key concepts of the ecosystems perspective provides nurses with a comprehensive framework for assessing and addressing the needs of families. By understanding these concepts, nurses can better support families in a holistic and culturally sensitive manner, ultimately improving patient outcomes and overall family well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Charity Organization Societies. This is the correct answer because the Charity Organization Societies (COS) were one of the pioneering organizations in the late 19th century that promoted the idea of family-focused social work. They emphasized systematic investigation of the causes of poverty and the importance of providing personalized assistance to families in need. Option A, the Settlement House movement, while also significant in the history of social work, focused more on providing social services and cultural activities to immigrant communities rather than specifically on family-centered care. Option C, Baltimore Charity Organization, is a specific entity and not representative of the broader movement towards family-focused social work. Option D, Toynbee Hall, was a settlement house in London that aimed to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor through education and social reform, but it did not specifically pioneer family-centered social work practices. Understanding the historical context of family-centered care in social work is important for nursing students as it provides insights into the evolution of social work principles and practices. By learning about the origins of family-focused social work, students can appreciate the significance of holistic and client-centered approaches in nursing practice today.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of Solution Focused Therapy (SFT), the correct answer is D) A comprehensive understanding of the history of the problem. This is because SFT focuses on the present and future rather than delving deeply into the past. SFT emphasizes identifying the client's goals, strengths, and resources to create solutions rather than analyzing the origins of the issue extensively. Option A) The focal point of today's concern is relevant in SFT as it helps to identify the main issue that the client wants to address in the present moment. Option B) The dynamics immediately generating the distress are significant in SFT as they help to understand the current factors contributing to the problem and guide the formulation of solutions. Option C) Traces of the past that explain the why of today's problem are not typically emphasized in SFT. While acknowledging past experiences may be helpful, SFT primarily focuses on creating change in the present and future without dwelling extensively on past causes. In an educational context, understanding the principles of SFT is essential for nursing professionals who aim to provide effective family-centered care. By focusing on the client's strengths, goals, and solutions, nurses can empower families to overcome challenges and work towards positive outcomes. This approach aligns with a collaborative and strengths-based model of care that promotes resilience and well-being in families.