ATI RN
Pediatric HESI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which clinical manifestation would be seen in a child with chronic renal failure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic renal failure is characterized by the buildup of waste products and toxins in the blood due to kidney dysfunction. One common clinical manifestation in children with chronic renal failure is the development of an unpleasant "uremic" breath odor. This odor is often described as a fishy or ammonia-like smell and is a result of the accumulation of urea in the blood, which is normally filtered out by the kidneys. Other common clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure in children may include hypertension, fluid retention, electrolyte abnormalities (such as hyperkalemia rather than hypokalemia), anemia, growth failure, and bone abnormalities.
Question 2 of 5
Which is an important nursing consideration when suctioning a young child who has had heart surgery?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Suctioning for no longer than 30 seconds at a time is an important nursing consideration when suctioning a young child who has had heart surgery. Prolonged suctioning can cause hypoxemia and decrease the child's oxygen saturation, which can be detrimental, especially in postoperative patients who may have compromised cardiopulmonary reserves. It is crucial to minimize the duration of suctioning to prevent potential complications. Additionally, hyperoxygenation before and after suctioning may help maintain adequate oxygen levels and minimize the risk of hypoxemia in these vulnerable patients.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for an infant with congestive heart disease (CHD). The nurse should plan which intervention to decrease cardiac demands?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Organizing nursing activities to allow for uninterrupted sleep is the most appropriate intervention to decrease cardiac demands in an infant with congestive heart disease (CHD). Providing a peaceful and quiet environment will help in conserving the infant's energy and reducing stress on the heart, ultimately decreasing cardiac demands. Interrupted sleep or inadequate rest can place additional strain on the infant's heart, leading to increased cardiac demands and potential complications. Prioritizing uninterrupted sleep will benefit the infant's overall cardiac function and well-being.
Question 4 of 5
A post-TURP patient experiences dribbling following removal of his catheter. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best course of action for a post-TURP patient experiencing dribbling after catheter removal is to teach him to perform Kegel's exercises 10 to 20 times per hour. Kegel exercises help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which can improve urinary control and reduce dribbling. Restricting fluid intake is not recommended as it can lead to dehydration. Reinserting the Foley catheter is not ideal unless there are complications. Incontinence following TURP can take time to improve, so reassuring the patient that it never lasts more than a few days may give false expectations. Teaching Kegel exercises is the most appropriate intervention to address post-TURP dribbling.
Question 5 of 5
A woman with pelvic inflammatory disease complains of lower abdominal pain. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first priority when a woman with pelvic inflammatory disease complains of lower abdominal pain is to administer antibiotics as ordered. Pelvic inflammatory disease is often caused by a bacterial infection, and prompt treatment with antibiotics is crucial to prevent complications such as infertility or chronic pelvic pain. Addressing the infection promptly is essential in managing the condition and preventing further spread of the infection. Once antibiotic therapy has been initiated, the nurse can proceed with other interventions such as pain management (C), patient education on STDs (D), and assessing pain level (A).