Which clinical finding is associated with inadequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Low-birth-weight infant. Inadequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of delivering a low-birth-weight infant due to insufficient fetal growth and development. When a mother does not gain enough weight during pregnancy, it can result in the baby being born smaller than expected, which can lead to various health issues. Prolonged labor (choice A) is not directly linked to inadequate weight gain. Preeclampsia (choice B) and gestational diabetes (choice C) are more commonly associated with excessive weight gain or other factors. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it directly correlates with inadequate maternal weight gain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a low body mass index (<18.5) indicates underweight, which is a risk factor for delivering a low-birth-weight infant. Underweight individuals may have inadequate nutrition and lower reserves for a healthy pregnancy. Choice A is less likely as the patient has a normal prepregnant weight. Choice C's prepregnant weight being above the norm suggests a healthy weight. Choice D's total weight gain in previous pregnancies being 33 lb indicates a healthy weight maintenance during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: eliminating drinks containing aspartame. Patients with phenylketonuria lack the enzyme to metabolize phenylalanine, found in aspartame. Avoiding aspartame-containing products is crucial to prevent phenylalanine buildup. Choice A is incorrect as vitamin C is not directly related to phenylketonuria. Choice C is incorrect as protein restriction is necessary, but the recommended intake is individualized and not a fixed amount. Choice D is incorrect as caloric intake is important, but the focus should be on managing phenylalanine levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because weight gain in pregnancy should be individualized based on the patient's prepregnant body mass index (BMI). This is important as it takes into consideration the patient's starting weight and helps to determine a healthy range of weight gain to support both maternal and fetal health. This approach is evidence-based and helps to prevent complications such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: This statement is incorrect because not all pregnant women need to gain the same amount of weight. Weight gain recommendations vary based on the patient's BMI. B: This statement is incorrect as it provides a specific number for weight gain, which may not be accurate for all pregnant women. Weight gain should be individualized based on BMI. D: This statement is incorrect because weight gain recommendations are distributed evenly across the trimesters, not necessarily more in the first and second trimesters and less in the third.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C because for breastfeeding, an additional 500 calories/day are needed compared to pregnancy. The recommended caloric intake during pregnancy is around 2200 calories/day. Therefore, increasing from 2200 to 2530 calories/day aligns with the additional 500 calories necessary for sustaining breastfeeding. Summary: A: Going from 1800 to 2200 calories/day does not provide the extra 500 calories needed for breastfeeding. B: Increasing from 2000 to 2500 calories/day does not account for the original pregnancy intake or the additional calories required for breastfeeding. D: Jumping from 2500 to 2730 calories/day exceeds the additional 500 calories needed for breastfeeding, potentially leading to excessive weight gain.