ATI RN
Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which client has the highest risk for developing skin cancer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is option B) A 65-year-old fair-skinned male who is a construction worker. Fair-skinned individuals have less melanin in their skin, making them more susceptible to skin damage from UV radiation, which increases the risk of developing skin cancer. Additionally, working outdoors as a construction worker exposes him to prolonged sun exposure, further increasing his risk. Option A) A 16-year-old dark-skinned female who tans in tanning beds once a week is at risk for skin damage and premature aging but has a lower risk of developing skin cancer compared to fair-skinned individuals due to higher melanin levels. Option C) A 25-year-old dark-skinned male whose mother had skin cancer may have a genetic predisposition to skin cancer, but his dark skin provides natural protection against UV radiation, lowering his risk compared to fair-skinned individuals. Option D) A 70-year-old fair-skinned female who works as a secretary is at risk due to her fair skin, but her indoor job likely exposes her to less sun compared to an outdoor worker like the construction worker, reducing her risk compared to option B. In an educational context, understanding individual risk factors for skin cancer based on skin type, sun exposure, and genetic predisposition is crucial for healthcare providers to educate patients on preventive measures such as sun protection and regular skin screenings. This knowledge helps in personalized patient care and early detection of skin cancer.
Question 2 of 5
During a home visit, the nurse assesses the skin of a client with eczema who reports that an exacerbation of symptoms has occurred during the last week. Which information is most useful in determining the possible cause of the symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, option C is the most useful information in determining the possible cause of the exacerbation of eczema symptoms. The presence of a new dog can trigger allergic reactions in individuals with eczema due to pet dander and potential allergens present in the dog's fur or saliva. This information is crucial as it points towards a potential trigger for the worsening of symptoms. Option A is incorrect as the presence of a friend with eczema does not directly correlate with the exacerbation of the client's symptoms unless there was direct contact leading to an allergic reaction. Option B is less likely to be the cause as receiving an influenza immunization typically does not exacerbate eczema symptoms unless the client has a specific allergic reaction to the vaccine components. Option D is also less likely to be the cause as corticosteroid cream is a common treatment for eczema and should not worsen symptoms unless the cream itself is expired or contaminated. From an educational perspective, this question highlights the importance of understanding potential triggers for eczema exacerbations, such as exposure to new allergens like pet dander. It emphasizes the need for nurses to conduct thorough assessments and gather relevant information to identify and address the root cause of a client's worsening symptoms effectively.
Question 3 of 5
A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has impaired gas exchange from a respiratory infection. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Pain when swallowing, which warrants immediate intervention by the nurse. The rationale for this choice is that pain when swallowing can indicate potential complications such as esophagitis or opportunistic infections like candidiasis, which are common in individuals with AIDS. These conditions can further compromise the client's respiratory status and lead to serious complications, making it crucial for the nurse to address this symptom promptly to prevent further deterioration in gas exchange. Option A) Elevated temperature is a common sign of infection, which is important to monitor but may not directly impact gas exchange as urgently as pain when swallowing in this context. Option B) Generalized weakness is a non-specific symptom that may be seen in various conditions and does not directly address the immediate respiratory concerns. Option C) Diminished lung sounds could indicate respiratory compromise, but given the client's specific condition of impaired gas exchange from a respiratory infection, the symptom of pain when swallowing takes precedence in terms of urgency for intervention. In an educational context, understanding the priority of symptoms and assessments in clients with complex conditions like AIDS is crucial for nurses caring for these individuals. Recognizing the significance of certain symptoms over others based on their potential impact on the client's health is a key aspect of providing effective and timely nursing care in such cases. By prioritizing interventions based on the client's specific needs and condition, nurses can optimize patient outcomes and ensure high-quality care delivery.
Question 4 of 5
A client who took a camping vacation two weeks ago in a county with a tropical climate comes to the clinic describing vague symptoms and diarrhea for the past week. Which finding is most important for the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most important finding for the nurse to report to the healthcare provider in this scenario is option D) Jaundiced sclera. Jaundice is a serious sign of liver dysfunction, which could be indicative of a potential infection such as hepatitis, especially considering the recent travel to a tropical climate where infectious diseases may be more prevalent. Liver involvement can lead to serious complications, especially in pediatric patients. Option A) Weakness and fatigue are non-specific symptoms that can be associated with various conditions and may not provide a clear indication of the underlying issue. Option B) Intestinal cramping, while uncomfortable for the client, is a common symptom of diarrhea and may not necessarily point to a more serious condition. Option C) Weight loss, while significant, may be a consequence of the diarrhea and not necessarily the most critical finding requiring immediate attention. In an educational context, understanding the significance of specific symptoms and their implications in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses caring for children with potential health concerns. Recognizing the priority signs and symptoms to report to healthcare providers can lead to timely interventions and improved outcomes for pediatric patients.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is obtaining a client's fingerstick glucose level. After gently milking the client's finger, the nurse observes that the distal tip of the finger appears reddened and engorged. What action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to take is Option A) Collect the blood sample. The reddened and engorged appearance of the distal tip of the finger after milking can be indicative of capillary refill, a sign that the circulation to the area is good. This means that the blood flow is adequate to obtain a reliable capillary blood sample for glucose testing. Option B) Assess radial pulse volume is incorrect because the appearance of the finger after milking does not necessarily correlate with the radial pulse volume. The focus here is on obtaining a blood sample for glucose testing, not on assessing pulse volume. Option C) Apply pressure to the site is incorrect as applying pressure can alter the blood flow to the area and potentially affect the accuracy of the glucose reading. Option D) Select another finger is also incorrect as the appearance of the finger is not a contraindication for collecting the blood sample. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the significance of capillary refill in relation to obtaining blood samples for testing. It reinforces the need for nurses to recognize normal physiological responses in pediatric clients and how these responses can impact nursing interventions. This knowledge is crucial in ensuring accurate assessments and appropriate care for pediatric patients.