ATI RN
Disorders of the Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which classification of urinary tract infection (UTI) is described as infection of the renal parenchyma, renal pelvis, and ureters?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Upper UTI. This classification describes infection of the renal parenchyma, renal pelvis, and ureters, which are part of the upper urinary tract. In upper UTIs, the infection involves the kidneys (renal parenchyma), renal pelvis, and ureters, whereas lower UTIs typically involve the bladder (cystitis) and urethra. Complicated UTIs involve structural or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract, making treatment more challenging. Uncomplicated UTIs refer to infections in otherwise healthy individuals with normal urinary tracts. Therefore, the description provided aligns with the characteristics of an upper UTI, making it the correct choice.
Question 2 of 5
On assessment of the patient with a renal calculus passing down the ureter, what should the nurse expect the patient to report?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Severe, colicky back pain radiating to the groin. This type of pain is characteristic of renal colic caused by a renal calculus passing down the ureter. The sharp, severe pain originates in the flank and radiates to the groin as the stone moves. Choices A and D are incorrect because they do not describe the typical pain associated with renal colic. Choice B describes dull, costovertebral flank pain, which is not characteristic of the sharp, severe colicky pain seen in renal colic. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate response based on the typical presentation of a patient with a renal calculus passing down the ureter.
Question 3 of 5
What indicates to the nurse that a patient with oliguria has prerenal oliguria?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because prerenal oliguria is typically characterized by a low specific gravity in urine testing. This indicates that the kidneys are conserving water due to decreased blood flow or volume. Choices B and C are incorrect as they do not specifically relate to prerenal oliguria. Choice D is also incorrect as reversal of oliguria with fluid replacement is not specific to prerenal oliguria and can occur in other types of renal failure.
Question 4 of 5
What does the dialysate for PD routinely contain?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Dextrose in a higher concentration than in the blood Rationale: 1. Dextrose in PD dialysate helps to create an osmotic gradient for fluid removal. 2. Higher dextrose concentration ensures effective ultrafiltration. 3. Dextrose is the main osmotic agent used in PD. 4. A higher concentration of dextrose in the dialysate aids in waste removal. Summary: A: Incorrect - Calcium concentration in dialysate is similar to blood to avoid imbalance. B: Incorrect - Sodium concentration is lower in dialysate to prevent sodium loading. D: Incorrect - Electrolyte concentration in dialysate is tailored to patient needs, not equal to blood.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following would be examples of foods selected to lower the pH of urine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Apples. Apples are acidic in nature, which can help lower the pH of urine. Consuming acidic foods can make the urine more acidic. Milk is alkaline, so it would raise the pH of urine. Tea can vary in acidity, but generally it is not chosen to lower urine pH. Meat is also not acidic and would not contribute to lowering urine pH. So, apples are the most suitable choice for lowering urine pH among the options provided.